Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections in a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Northern Ghana: A Three-Year Retrospective Analysis
Background: A variety of clinically important pathogens have developed multidrug resistance (MDR), which threatens global public health. This study aimed to determine the incidence, patterns, and trends of MDR of gram-negative bacterial isolates in clinical specimens in the Tamale Teaching Hospit...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Korean Society of Clinical Microbiology
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Annals of Clinical Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.acm.or.kr/pdf?num=ACM_21-009 |
| Summary: | Background: A variety of clinically important pathogens have developed multidrug resistance
(MDR), which threatens global public health. This study aimed to determine the incidence,
patterns, and trends of MDR of gram-negative bacterial isolates in clinical specimens in the
Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana.
Methods: This retrospective study analyzed gram-negative bacterial isolates and
antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) results of patients who visited the Tamale Teaching
Hospital laboratory between 2017 and 2019.
Results: A total of 2,779 gram-negative bacterial isolates and their phenotypic AST results
were analyzed. From these, 1,297 gram-negative bacteria (46.7%) were isolated from urine
samples, while the rest were isolated from sputum (20.9%), wound (14.3%), and swabs
(11.7%) samples, etc. Escherichia coli (23.8%) was the most common gram-negative pathogen
found predominantly in the urine samples (33.2%). All gram-negative bacteria isolated
between 2017 and 2019 showed high MDR. Klebsiella pneumoniae gradually increased its
MDR from 84.0% in 2017, 89.5% in 2018, to 95.1% in 2019. On the other hand, the MDR rates
in Pseudomonas aeruginosa were approximately 65.8%, varying from 59.5% in 2017 to
78.7% in 2019. Among tested antimicrobials, amikacin was the most effective. Resistance to
amikacin in Enterobacter spp., E. coli, and K. pneumoniae in vitro were 16.2%, 11.8%, and
17.7%, respectively.
Conclusion: The study has shown that the high levels of MDR in gram-negative bacteria
isolated may be associated with the infections recorded at the Tamale Teaching Hospital.
The major gram-negative pathogens isolated have resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins,
and fluoroquinolones. Aminoglycosides can offer high antibiotic activity to overcome gramnegative
bacterial resistance. Further studies will be needed to decide policy direction on
infection prevention and control, and antimicrobial stewardship programs |
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| ISSN: | 2288-0585 2288-6850 |