Subclinical Infection of Macaques and Baboons with A Baboon Simarterivirus
Simarteriviruses (<i>Arteriviridae</i>: <i>Simarterivirinae</i>) are commonly found at high titers in the blood of African monkeys but do not cause overt disease in these hosts. In contrast, simarteriviruses cause severe disease in Asian macaques upon accidental or experiment...
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MDPI AG
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/12/701 |
| _version_ | 1818034786509258752 |
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| author | Connor R. Buechler Matthew Semler David A. Baker Christina Newman Joseph P. Cornish Deborah Chavez Bernadette Guerra Robert Lanford Kathy Brasky Jens H. Kuhn Reed F. Johnson David H. O’Connor Adam L. Bailey |
| author_facet | Connor R. Buechler Matthew Semler David A. Baker Christina Newman Joseph P. Cornish Deborah Chavez Bernadette Guerra Robert Lanford Kathy Brasky Jens H. Kuhn Reed F. Johnson David H. O’Connor Adam L. Bailey |
| author_sort | Connor R. Buechler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Simarteriviruses (<i>Arteriviridae</i>: <i>Simarterivirinae</i>) are commonly found at high titers in the blood of African monkeys but do not cause overt disease in these hosts. In contrast, simarteriviruses cause severe disease in Asian macaques upon accidental or experimental transmission. Here, we sought to better understand the host-dependent drivers of simarterivirus pathogenesis by infecting olive baboons (n = 4) and rhesus monkeys (n = 4) with the simarterivirus Southwest baboon virus 1 (SWBV-1). Surprisingly, none of the animals in our study showed signs of disease following SWBV-1 inoculation. Three animals (two rhesus monkeys and one olive baboon) became infected and sustained high levels of SWBV-1 viremia for the duration of the study. The course of SWBV-1 infection was highly predictable: plasma viremia peaked between 1 × 10<sup>7</sup> and 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> vRNA copies/mL at 3–10 days post-inoculation, which was followed by a relative nadir and then establishment of a stable set-point between 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> and 1 × 10<sup>7</sup> vRNA copies/mL for the remainder of the study (56 days). We characterized cellular and antibody responses to SWBV-1 infection in these animals, demonstrating that macaques and baboons mount similar responses to SWBV-1 infection, yet these responses are ineffective at clearing SWBV-1 infection. SWBV-1 sequencing revealed the accumulation of non-synonymous mutations in a region of the genome that corresponds to an immunodominant epitope in the simarterivirus major envelope glycoprotein GP5, which likely contribute to viral persistence by enabling escape from host antibodies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T06:44:42Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T06:44:42Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-12a72d15e802445985437b510bd53f582022-12-22T01:58:41ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152018-12-01101270110.3390/v10120701v10120701Subclinical Infection of Macaques and Baboons with A Baboon SimarterivirusConnor R. Buechler0Matthew Semler1David A. Baker2Christina Newman3Joseph P. Cornish4Deborah Chavez5Bernadette Guerra6Robert Lanford7Kathy Brasky8Jens H. Kuhn9Reed F. Johnson10David H. O’Connor11Adam L. Bailey12Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USAEmerging Viral Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 20896, USATexas Biomedical Research Institute, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX 78227, USATexas Biomedical Research Institute, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX 78227, USATexas Biomedical Research Institute, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX 78227, USATexas Biomedical Research Institute, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX 78227, USAIntegrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USAEmerging Viral Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 20896, USADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USASimarteriviruses (<i>Arteriviridae</i>: <i>Simarterivirinae</i>) are commonly found at high titers in the blood of African monkeys but do not cause overt disease in these hosts. In contrast, simarteriviruses cause severe disease in Asian macaques upon accidental or experimental transmission. Here, we sought to better understand the host-dependent drivers of simarterivirus pathogenesis by infecting olive baboons (n = 4) and rhesus monkeys (n = 4) with the simarterivirus Southwest baboon virus 1 (SWBV-1). Surprisingly, none of the animals in our study showed signs of disease following SWBV-1 inoculation. Three animals (two rhesus monkeys and one olive baboon) became infected and sustained high levels of SWBV-1 viremia for the duration of the study. The course of SWBV-1 infection was highly predictable: plasma viremia peaked between 1 × 10<sup>7</sup> and 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> vRNA copies/mL at 3–10 days post-inoculation, which was followed by a relative nadir and then establishment of a stable set-point between 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> and 1 × 10<sup>7</sup> vRNA copies/mL for the remainder of the study (56 days). We characterized cellular and antibody responses to SWBV-1 infection in these animals, demonstrating that macaques and baboons mount similar responses to SWBV-1 infection, yet these responses are ineffective at clearing SWBV-1 infection. SWBV-1 sequencing revealed the accumulation of non-synonymous mutations in a region of the genome that corresponds to an immunodominant epitope in the simarterivirus major envelope glycoprotein GP5, which likely contribute to viral persistence by enabling escape from host antibodies.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/12/701<i>Arteriviridae</i>simarterivirusSHFVsimian hemorrhagic fever virussouthwest baboon virus 1SWBV-1 |
| spellingShingle | Connor R. Buechler Matthew Semler David A. Baker Christina Newman Joseph P. Cornish Deborah Chavez Bernadette Guerra Robert Lanford Kathy Brasky Jens H. Kuhn Reed F. Johnson David H. O’Connor Adam L. Bailey Subclinical Infection of Macaques and Baboons with A Baboon Simarterivirus Viruses <i>Arteriviridae</i> simarterivirus SHFV simian hemorrhagic fever virus southwest baboon virus 1 SWBV-1 |
| title | Subclinical Infection of Macaques and Baboons with A Baboon Simarterivirus |
| title_full | Subclinical Infection of Macaques and Baboons with A Baboon Simarterivirus |
| title_fullStr | Subclinical Infection of Macaques and Baboons with A Baboon Simarterivirus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Subclinical Infection of Macaques and Baboons with A Baboon Simarterivirus |
| title_short | Subclinical Infection of Macaques and Baboons with A Baboon Simarterivirus |
| title_sort | subclinical infection of macaques and baboons with a baboon simarterivirus |
| topic | <i>Arteriviridae</i> simarterivirus SHFV simian hemorrhagic fever virus southwest baboon virus 1 SWBV-1 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/12/701 |
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