Development of a new generation of miniemulsion based on cottonseed oil with α-tocopherol and ZnO and evaluation of its adjuvant activity
Background Emulsions have been widely used as immunological adjuvants. But the use of materials derived from plants such as cottonseed oil, alpha-tocopherol, or minerals such as zinc, as well as their use at the nanometric scale has been little explored. In this study, we develop a new miniemulsion...
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PeerJ Inc.
2023-03-01
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| author | Gustavo Sobrevilla-Hernández Moisés Armides Franco-Molina Diana G. Zárate-Triviño Jorge R. Kawas Sara Paola Hernández-Martínez Paola Leonor García-Coronado Silvia Elena Santana-Krímskaya Cynthia Aracely Alvizo-Báez Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla |
| author_facet | Gustavo Sobrevilla-Hernández Moisés Armides Franco-Molina Diana G. Zárate-Triviño Jorge R. Kawas Sara Paola Hernández-Martínez Paola Leonor García-Coronado Silvia Elena Santana-Krímskaya Cynthia Aracely Alvizo-Báez Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla |
| author_sort | Gustavo Sobrevilla-Hernández |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Emulsions have been widely used as immunological adjuvants. But the use of materials derived from plants such as cottonseed oil, alpha-tocopherol, or minerals such as zinc, as well as their use at the nanometric scale has been little explored. In this study, we develop a new miniemulsion and evaluated its antioxidant and phagocytic capacity, as well as parameters related to immune response stimulation by cytokine expression and antibodies production in a mice model. Methods Formulated CN (cottonseed oil miniemulsion) and CNZ (cottonseed oil miniemulsion whit zinc oxide nanoparticles) miniemulsions were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy SEM, DLS and FT-IR. In murine macrophages, splenocytes and thymocytes primary cultures safety and cytotoxicity were determined by MTT. In macrophages the antioxidant and phagocytic capacity was evaluated. In BALB/c mice, the stimulation of the immune system was determined by the expression of cytokines and the production of antibodies. Results The CN and CNZ presented stability for 90 days. Immediately after preparation, the CN presented a higher particle size (543.1 nm) than CNZ (320 nm). FT-IR demonstrated the correct nanoparticle synthesis by the absence of sulfate groups. CN and CNZ (1.25 to 10 µL/mL) had no toxic effect on macrophages (p = 0.108), splenocytes (p = 0.413), and thymocytes (p = 0.923). All CN and CNZ doses tested induced nitric oxide and antioxidants production in dose dependent manner when compared with control. CN-ovalbumin and CNZ-ovalbumin treatments in femoral subcutaneous tissue area showed inflammation with higher leukocyte infiltration compared with FCA. The intraperitoneal administration with CN, CNZ, and FCA showed a higher total intraperitoneal cells recruitment (CD14+) after 24 h of inoculation than control (p = 0.0001). CN and CNZ increased the phagocyte capacity with respect to untreated macrophages in the Candida albicans-phagocytosis assay. The evaluation of residual CFU indicated that only CN significantly decreased (p = 0.004) this value at 3 h. By other side, only CN increased (p = 0.002) the nitric oxide production. CNZ stimulated a major INFγ secretion compared with FCA at day 7. A major IL-2 secretion was observed at days 7 and 14, stimulated with CN and CNZ. Both miniemulsions did not affect the antibody isotypes production (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG3, IgA and IgM) at days 7, 14, 28, and 42. CN induced a significant IgG production against OVA, but lesser than FCA. Conclusions The two new miniemulsions with adjuvant and antioxidant capacity, were capable of generating leukocyte infiltration and increased cytokines and antibodies production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:27:32Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-12ab601c35b94d20b000c510ee84d9732023-12-03T11:15:22ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592023-03-0111e1498110.7717/peerj.14981Development of a new generation of miniemulsion based on cottonseed oil with α-tocopherol and ZnO and evaluation of its adjuvant activityGustavo Sobrevilla-Hernández0Moisés Armides Franco-Molina1Diana G. Zárate-Triviño2Jorge R. Kawas3Sara Paola Hernández-Martínez4Paola Leonor García-Coronado5Silvia Elena Santana-Krímskaya6Cynthia Aracely Alvizo-Báez7Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla8Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MexicoLaboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MexicoLaboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MexicoPosgrado Conjunto Agronomía-Veterinaría, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, MexicoFacultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, MexicoLaboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MexicoLaboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MexicoLaboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MexicoLaboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MexicoBackground Emulsions have been widely used as immunological adjuvants. But the use of materials derived from plants such as cottonseed oil, alpha-tocopherol, or minerals such as zinc, as well as their use at the nanometric scale has been little explored. In this study, we develop a new miniemulsion and evaluated its antioxidant and phagocytic capacity, as well as parameters related to immune response stimulation by cytokine expression and antibodies production in a mice model. Methods Formulated CN (cottonseed oil miniemulsion) and CNZ (cottonseed oil miniemulsion whit zinc oxide nanoparticles) miniemulsions were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy SEM, DLS and FT-IR. In murine macrophages, splenocytes and thymocytes primary cultures safety and cytotoxicity were determined by MTT. In macrophages the antioxidant and phagocytic capacity was evaluated. In BALB/c mice, the stimulation of the immune system was determined by the expression of cytokines and the production of antibodies. Results The CN and CNZ presented stability for 90 days. Immediately after preparation, the CN presented a higher particle size (543.1 nm) than CNZ (320 nm). FT-IR demonstrated the correct nanoparticle synthesis by the absence of sulfate groups. CN and CNZ (1.25 to 10 µL/mL) had no toxic effect on macrophages (p = 0.108), splenocytes (p = 0.413), and thymocytes (p = 0.923). All CN and CNZ doses tested induced nitric oxide and antioxidants production in dose dependent manner when compared with control. CN-ovalbumin and CNZ-ovalbumin treatments in femoral subcutaneous tissue area showed inflammation with higher leukocyte infiltration compared with FCA. The intraperitoneal administration with CN, CNZ, and FCA showed a higher total intraperitoneal cells recruitment (CD14+) after 24 h of inoculation than control (p = 0.0001). CN and CNZ increased the phagocyte capacity with respect to untreated macrophages in the Candida albicans-phagocytosis assay. The evaluation of residual CFU indicated that only CN significantly decreased (p = 0.004) this value at 3 h. By other side, only CN increased (p = 0.002) the nitric oxide production. CNZ stimulated a major INFγ secretion compared with FCA at day 7. A major IL-2 secretion was observed at days 7 and 14, stimulated with CN and CNZ. Both miniemulsions did not affect the antibody isotypes production (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG3, IgA and IgM) at days 7, 14, 28, and 42. CN induced a significant IgG production against OVA, but lesser than FCA. Conclusions The two new miniemulsions with adjuvant and antioxidant capacity, were capable of generating leukocyte infiltration and increased cytokines and antibodies production.https://peerj.com/articles/14981.pdfImmunoestimulantZnO nanoparticlesCottonseed oilAdjuvantEmulsion |
| spellingShingle | Gustavo Sobrevilla-Hernández Moisés Armides Franco-Molina Diana G. Zárate-Triviño Jorge R. Kawas Sara Paola Hernández-Martínez Paola Leonor García-Coronado Silvia Elena Santana-Krímskaya Cynthia Aracely Alvizo-Báez Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla Development of a new generation of miniemulsion based on cottonseed oil with α-tocopherol and ZnO and evaluation of its adjuvant activity PeerJ Immunoestimulant ZnO nanoparticles Cottonseed oil Adjuvant Emulsion |
| title | Development of a new generation of miniemulsion based on cottonseed oil with α-tocopherol and ZnO and evaluation of its adjuvant activity |
| title_full | Development of a new generation of miniemulsion based on cottonseed oil with α-tocopherol and ZnO and evaluation of its adjuvant activity |
| title_fullStr | Development of a new generation of miniemulsion based on cottonseed oil with α-tocopherol and ZnO and evaluation of its adjuvant activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a new generation of miniemulsion based on cottonseed oil with α-tocopherol and ZnO and evaluation of its adjuvant activity |
| title_short | Development of a new generation of miniemulsion based on cottonseed oil with α-tocopherol and ZnO and evaluation of its adjuvant activity |
| title_sort | development of a new generation of miniemulsion based on cottonseed oil with α tocopherol and zno and evaluation of its adjuvant activity |
| topic | Immunoestimulant ZnO nanoparticles Cottonseed oil Adjuvant Emulsion |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/14981.pdf |
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