An ~1899 glacier inventory for Nordland, northern Norway, produced from historical maps
Glaciers depicted on old maps reveal their historical extents, before the advent of aerial and satellite remote sensing. Digital glacier inventories produced from these maps can be employed in assessments of centennial-scale glacier change. This study reconstructs the ~1899 (covering the period 1882...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Glaciology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143020000039/type/journal_article |
| _version_ | 1811155779887038464 |
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| author | Paul Weber Liss M. Andreassen Clare M. Boston Harold Lovell Sidsel Kvarteig |
| author_facet | Paul Weber Liss M. Andreassen Clare M. Boston Harold Lovell Sidsel Kvarteig |
| author_sort | Paul Weber |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glaciers depicted on old maps reveal their historical extents, before the advent of aerial and satellite remote sensing. Digital glacier inventories produced from these maps can be employed in assessments of centennial-scale glacier change. This study reconstructs the ~1899 (covering the period 1882–1916) glacier extent in Nordland, northern Norway, from historical gradteigskart maps, with an emphasis on examining the accuracy of the mapped glaciers. Glacier outlines were digitised from georectified scans of the analogue maps in a raster graphics editor and were subsequently inventoried in a GIS. The accuracy of the historical glacier extent was established from written descriptions and landscape photographs created during the original field surveys, and further validated against independent glacier outlines of (1) the maximum Little Ice Age extent derived from geomorphological evidence, and (2) the 1945 extent derived from vertical aerial photographs. An overall uncertainty of ±17% is associated with our inventory. Nordland's glaciers covered an area of 1712 ± 291 km2 in 1899. By 2000, total ice cover had decreased by 47% (807 ± 137 km2) at a rate of 6% 10 a−1 (80 ± 14 km2 10 a−1). The approach presented here may serve as a blueprint for future studies intending to derive glacier inventories from historical maps. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:40:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-12ad0a377b7245bbada02477e79db4dc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0022-1430 1727-5652 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:40:22Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Glaciology |
| spelling | doaj.art-12ad0a377b7245bbada02477e79db4dc2023-03-09T12:40:52ZengCambridge University PressJournal of Glaciology0022-14301727-56522020-04-016625927710.1017/jog.2020.3An ~1899 glacier inventory for Nordland, northern Norway, produced from historical mapsPaul Weber0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1623-9126Liss M. Andreassen1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6494-4252Clare M. Boston2Harold Lovell3Sidsel Kvarteig4University of Portsmouth, School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, Buckingham Building, Lion Terrace, PortsmouthPO1 3HE, UK Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), Oslo, NorwayNorwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), Oslo, NorwayUniversity of Portsmouth, School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, Buckingham Building, Lion Terrace, PortsmouthPO1 3HE, UKUniversity of Portsmouth, School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, Buckingham Building, Lion Terrace, PortsmouthPO1 3HE, UKNorwegian Mapping Authority (Kartverket), Hønefoss, NorwayGlaciers depicted on old maps reveal their historical extents, before the advent of aerial and satellite remote sensing. Digital glacier inventories produced from these maps can be employed in assessments of centennial-scale glacier change. This study reconstructs the ~1899 (covering the period 1882–1916) glacier extent in Nordland, northern Norway, from historical gradteigskart maps, with an emphasis on examining the accuracy of the mapped glaciers. Glacier outlines were digitised from georectified scans of the analogue maps in a raster graphics editor and were subsequently inventoried in a GIS. The accuracy of the historical glacier extent was established from written descriptions and landscape photographs created during the original field surveys, and further validated against independent glacier outlines of (1) the maximum Little Ice Age extent derived from geomorphological evidence, and (2) the 1945 extent derived from vertical aerial photographs. An overall uncertainty of ±17% is associated with our inventory. Nordland's glaciers covered an area of 1712 ± 291 km2 in 1899. By 2000, total ice cover had decreased by 47% (807 ± 137 km2) at a rate of 6% 10 a−1 (80 ± 14 km2 10 a−1). The approach presented here may serve as a blueprint for future studies intending to derive glacier inventories from historical maps.https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143020000039/type/journal_articleGlacier changeglacier inventoryhistorical mapsLittle Ice Agemap accuracyNordlandNorway |
| spellingShingle | Paul Weber Liss M. Andreassen Clare M. Boston Harold Lovell Sidsel Kvarteig An ~1899 glacier inventory for Nordland, northern Norway, produced from historical maps Journal of Glaciology Glacier change glacier inventory historical maps Little Ice Age map accuracy Nordland Norway |
| title | An ~1899 glacier inventory for Nordland, northern Norway, produced from historical maps |
| title_full | An ~1899 glacier inventory for Nordland, northern Norway, produced from historical maps |
| title_fullStr | An ~1899 glacier inventory for Nordland, northern Norway, produced from historical maps |
| title_full_unstemmed | An ~1899 glacier inventory for Nordland, northern Norway, produced from historical maps |
| title_short | An ~1899 glacier inventory for Nordland, northern Norway, produced from historical maps |
| title_sort | 1899 glacier inventory for nordland northern norway produced from historical maps |
| topic | Glacier change glacier inventory historical maps Little Ice Age map accuracy Nordland Norway |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143020000039/type/journal_article |
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