Phylogenomic investigation of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and related species using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)
Abstract Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius, Asteraceae) is a source of high-quality edible oil growing in moisture-limited environments. Despite its economic importance, the relationships to close wild species in Carthamus and the presence and relationships of ecotypes within safflower are still not f...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33347-0 |
| _version_ | 1827961315623174144 |
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| author | Somayeh Sardouei-Nasab Zahra Nemati Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad Reza Haghi Frank R. Blattner |
| author_facet | Somayeh Sardouei-Nasab Zahra Nemati Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad Reza Haghi Frank R. Blattner |
| author_sort | Somayeh Sardouei-Nasab |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius, Asteraceae) is a source of high-quality edible oil growing in moisture-limited environments. Despite its economic importance, the relationships to close wild species in Carthamus and the presence and relationships of ecotypes within safflower are still not fully clarified. Here we use genotyping-by-sequencing to identify the wild progenitor of C. tinctorius, infer phylogenetic relationship within the series Carthamus and identify groups of closely related lineages within cultivated safflower. Phylogenetic and population genomic analyses found C. palaestinus to be the closest relative and single progenitor of C. tinctorius, which confirms the Levant as the area of domestication of the crop. Flow cytometry showed all analyzed samples of C. oxyacantha, C. palaestinus and C. tinctorius to be diploid (2n = 2x = 24) with 2C genome sizes of 2.4–2.7 pg. Analyses of a set of 114 worldwide distributed safflower accessions arrived at two to five genetic groups, which showed, however, no correlation with the geographic origins of these accessions. From this, we conclude that the trade of safflower seeds resulted in multiple introductions of genotypes from the Levant into other areas with suitable climate conditions for the plant, as well as exchange of genotypes among these areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:24:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-12ae662d41e2412c9db0df3acc96099c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:24:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-12ae662d41e2412c9db0df3acc96099c2023-04-23T11:13:53ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-04-0113111110.1038/s41598-023-33347-0Phylogenomic investigation of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and related species using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)Somayeh Sardouei-Nasab0Zahra Nemati1Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad2Reza Haghi3Frank R. Blattner4Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production (RTIPP), Shahid-Bahonar University of KermanLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Abstract Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius, Asteraceae) is a source of high-quality edible oil growing in moisture-limited environments. Despite its economic importance, the relationships to close wild species in Carthamus and the presence and relationships of ecotypes within safflower are still not fully clarified. Here we use genotyping-by-sequencing to identify the wild progenitor of C. tinctorius, infer phylogenetic relationship within the series Carthamus and identify groups of closely related lineages within cultivated safflower. Phylogenetic and population genomic analyses found C. palaestinus to be the closest relative and single progenitor of C. tinctorius, which confirms the Levant as the area of domestication of the crop. Flow cytometry showed all analyzed samples of C. oxyacantha, C. palaestinus and C. tinctorius to be diploid (2n = 2x = 24) with 2C genome sizes of 2.4–2.7 pg. Analyses of a set of 114 worldwide distributed safflower accessions arrived at two to five genetic groups, which showed, however, no correlation with the geographic origins of these accessions. From this, we conclude that the trade of safflower seeds resulted in multiple introductions of genotypes from the Levant into other areas with suitable climate conditions for the plant, as well as exchange of genotypes among these areas.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33347-0 |
| spellingShingle | Somayeh Sardouei-Nasab Zahra Nemati Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad Reza Haghi Frank R. Blattner Phylogenomic investigation of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and related species using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) Scientific Reports |
| title | Phylogenomic investigation of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and related species using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) |
| title_full | Phylogenomic investigation of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and related species using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) |
| title_fullStr | Phylogenomic investigation of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and related species using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phylogenomic investigation of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and related species using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) |
| title_short | Phylogenomic investigation of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and related species using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) |
| title_sort | phylogenomic investigation of safflower carthamus tinctorius and related species using genotyping by sequencing gbs |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33347-0 |
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