The Use of Cubic Smoothing Spline Models for Predicting Early Fruit Size in ‘Keenan’ Valencia (<i>Citrus sinensis</i> L. Osbeck) Oranges
Fruit size is an important factor for the sale of fruit in fresh markets. Fruit size prediction early in the growing season would help with planning harvest operations, administering marketing strategies and an advance determination of the proportion of fruit that will be suitable for certain size c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/2/149 |
| _version_ | 1797298055939096576 |
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| author | Tahir Khurshid Ben Braysher Jane Elizabeth Khurshid |
| author_facet | Tahir Khurshid Ben Braysher Jane Elizabeth Khurshid |
| author_sort | Tahir Khurshid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fruit size is an important factor for the sale of fruit in fresh markets. Fruit size prediction early in the growing season would help with planning harvest operations, administering marketing strategies and an advance determination of the proportion of fruit that will be suitable for certain size classes. Fruit diameter growth of ‘Keenan’ Valencia oranges was measured over five consecutive growing seasons (2014–2018) during Stage II (cell enlargement) and Stage III (maturation) periods between January and October. Fruits were randomly selected and tagged from around the tree canopy to record the fruit diameter at fortnightly intervals until harvest. The data were used to develop a fruit size prediction model using the cubic smoothing splines technique. Results indicated that from the fruit growth patterns, an accurate prediction of the final fruit size and distribution were possible during the early Stage II fruit development phase, 6–7 months ahead of the final harvest. It was concluded that fruit size must be 66 mm in diameter by 30 March to attain a fruit size > 77 mm at harvest. This model was tested in 2019 with an accuracy of 97% in predicting fruit size distribution harvest across three size classes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:30:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-12af7068e44d4bb4a9d5f63c55ea06ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:30:16Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-12af7068e44d4bb4a9d5f63c55ea06ac2024-02-23T15:18:44ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242024-02-0110214910.3390/horticulturae10020149The Use of Cubic Smoothing Spline Models for Predicting Early Fruit Size in ‘Keenan’ Valencia (<i>Citrus sinensis</i> L. Osbeck) OrangesTahir Khurshid0Ben Braysher1Jane Elizabeth Khurshid2NSW Department of Primary Industries, 1998 Silver City Highway, Dareton, NSW 2717, AustraliaDepartment of Employment and Workplace Relations, 11 Grenfell Street, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaNSW Department of Primary Industries, 1998 Silver City Highway, Dareton, NSW 2717, AustraliaFruit size is an important factor for the sale of fruit in fresh markets. Fruit size prediction early in the growing season would help with planning harvest operations, administering marketing strategies and an advance determination of the proportion of fruit that will be suitable for certain size classes. Fruit diameter growth of ‘Keenan’ Valencia oranges was measured over five consecutive growing seasons (2014–2018) during Stage II (cell enlargement) and Stage III (maturation) periods between January and October. Fruits were randomly selected and tagged from around the tree canopy to record the fruit diameter at fortnightly intervals until harvest. The data were used to develop a fruit size prediction model using the cubic smoothing splines technique. Results indicated that from the fruit growth patterns, an accurate prediction of the final fruit size and distribution were possible during the early Stage II fruit development phase, 6–7 months ahead of the final harvest. It was concluded that fruit size must be 66 mm in diameter by 30 March to attain a fruit size > 77 mm at harvest. This model was tested in 2019 with an accuracy of 97% in predicting fruit size distribution harvest across three size classes.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/2/149fruit modellingfruit size predictionfruit growth curvessize distributionASReml |
| spellingShingle | Tahir Khurshid Ben Braysher Jane Elizabeth Khurshid The Use of Cubic Smoothing Spline Models for Predicting Early Fruit Size in ‘Keenan’ Valencia (<i>Citrus sinensis</i> L. Osbeck) Oranges Horticulturae fruit modelling fruit size prediction fruit growth curves size distribution ASReml |
| title | The Use of Cubic Smoothing Spline Models for Predicting Early Fruit Size in ‘Keenan’ Valencia (<i>Citrus sinensis</i> L. Osbeck) Oranges |
| title_full | The Use of Cubic Smoothing Spline Models for Predicting Early Fruit Size in ‘Keenan’ Valencia (<i>Citrus sinensis</i> L. Osbeck) Oranges |
| title_fullStr | The Use of Cubic Smoothing Spline Models for Predicting Early Fruit Size in ‘Keenan’ Valencia (<i>Citrus sinensis</i> L. Osbeck) Oranges |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Use of Cubic Smoothing Spline Models for Predicting Early Fruit Size in ‘Keenan’ Valencia (<i>Citrus sinensis</i> L. Osbeck) Oranges |
| title_short | The Use of Cubic Smoothing Spline Models for Predicting Early Fruit Size in ‘Keenan’ Valencia (<i>Citrus sinensis</i> L. Osbeck) Oranges |
| title_sort | use of cubic smoothing spline models for predicting early fruit size in keenan valencia i citrus sinensis i l osbeck oranges |
| topic | fruit modelling fruit size prediction fruit growth curves size distribution ASReml |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/2/149 |
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