Spatiotemporal Patterns of Evapotranspiration in Central Asia from 2000 to 2020
Evapotranspiration (<i>ET</i>) affects the dry and wet conditions of a region, particularly in arid Central Asia, where changes in evapotranspiration profoundly influence society, the economy, and ecosystems. However, the changing trends in and driving factors of evapotranspiration in Ce...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1150 |
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| author | Xingming Hao Xue Fan Zhuoyi Zhao Jingjing Zhang |
| author_facet | Xingming Hao Xue Fan Zhuoyi Zhao Jingjing Zhang |
| author_sort | Xingming Hao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Evapotranspiration (<i>ET</i>) affects the dry and wet conditions of a region, particularly in arid Central Asia, where changes in evapotranspiration profoundly influence society, the economy, and ecosystems. However, the changing trends in and driving factors of evapotranspiration in Central Asia remain unclear. Therefore, we used estimated <i>ET</i> and reanalysis data to answer research questions. Our results showed that (1) potential evapotranspiration (<i>PET</i>) and <i>ET</i> showed a generally downward trend, in which <i>PET</i> and <i>ET</i> decreased in 37.93% and 17.42% of the total area, respectively. However, <i>PET</i> and <i>ET</i> showed opposite trends in 59.41% of the study area, mainly showing a decrease in <i>PET</i> and an increase in <i>ET</i>. (2) The absolute contribution rates of vegetation–human activity coupling factor (<i>VH</i>), <i>PET</i>, and precipitation (<i>P</i>) to <i>ET</i> were 43.19%, 40.02%, and 16.79%, respectively, and the <i>VH</i> was the main determiner of <i>ET</i>. (3) Transpiration (<i>ET<sub>c</sub></i>) dominated the change in <i>ET</i> in 56.4% of the region, whereas soil evaporation (<i>ET<sub>s</sub></i>) dominated the change in <i>ET</i> in the rest of the region. The coverage threshold that determines the dominant contributions of <i>ET</i><sub>c</sub> and <i>ETs</i> to <i>ET</i> was approximately 18–19%. Below this coverage threshold, the contribution rate of <i>ET<sub>s</sub></i> to <i>ET</i> exceeded that of <i>ET<sub>c</sub></i> and vice versa. In the context of global climate change, this study can provide scientific support for the restoration of water resources and sustainability evaluation of water resources. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:11:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-12b350aae224471dbfc8efb4a10ba5e52023-11-16T23:04:21ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922023-02-01154115010.3390/rs15041150Spatiotemporal Patterns of Evapotranspiration in Central Asia from 2000 to 2020Xingming Hao0Xue Fan1Zhuoyi Zhao2Jingjing Zhang3State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, ChinaEvapotranspiration (<i>ET</i>) affects the dry and wet conditions of a region, particularly in arid Central Asia, where changes in evapotranspiration profoundly influence society, the economy, and ecosystems. However, the changing trends in and driving factors of evapotranspiration in Central Asia remain unclear. Therefore, we used estimated <i>ET</i> and reanalysis data to answer research questions. Our results showed that (1) potential evapotranspiration (<i>PET</i>) and <i>ET</i> showed a generally downward trend, in which <i>PET</i> and <i>ET</i> decreased in 37.93% and 17.42% of the total area, respectively. However, <i>PET</i> and <i>ET</i> showed opposite trends in 59.41% of the study area, mainly showing a decrease in <i>PET</i> and an increase in <i>ET</i>. (2) The absolute contribution rates of vegetation–human activity coupling factor (<i>VH</i>), <i>PET</i>, and precipitation (<i>P</i>) to <i>ET</i> were 43.19%, 40.02%, and 16.79%, respectively, and the <i>VH</i> was the main determiner of <i>ET</i>. (3) Transpiration (<i>ET<sub>c</sub></i>) dominated the change in <i>ET</i> in 56.4% of the region, whereas soil evaporation (<i>ET<sub>s</sub></i>) dominated the change in <i>ET</i> in the rest of the region. The coverage threshold that determines the dominant contributions of <i>ET</i><sub>c</sub> and <i>ETs</i> to <i>ET</i> was approximately 18–19%. Below this coverage threshold, the contribution rate of <i>ET<sub>s</sub></i> to <i>ET</i> exceeded that of <i>ET<sub>c</sub></i> and vice versa. In the context of global climate change, this study can provide scientific support for the restoration of water resources and sustainability evaluation of water resources.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1150potential evaporation (<i>PET</i>)climatic factorstranspirationsoil evaporation |
| spellingShingle | Xingming Hao Xue Fan Zhuoyi Zhao Jingjing Zhang Spatiotemporal Patterns of Evapotranspiration in Central Asia from 2000 to 2020 Remote Sensing potential evaporation (<i>PET</i>) climatic factors transpiration soil evaporation |
| title | Spatiotemporal Patterns of Evapotranspiration in Central Asia from 2000 to 2020 |
| title_full | Spatiotemporal Patterns of Evapotranspiration in Central Asia from 2000 to 2020 |
| title_fullStr | Spatiotemporal Patterns of Evapotranspiration in Central Asia from 2000 to 2020 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatiotemporal Patterns of Evapotranspiration in Central Asia from 2000 to 2020 |
| title_short | Spatiotemporal Patterns of Evapotranspiration in Central Asia from 2000 to 2020 |
| title_sort | spatiotemporal patterns of evapotranspiration in central asia from 2000 to 2020 |
| topic | potential evaporation (<i>PET</i>) climatic factors transpiration soil evaporation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1150 |
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