Seroprevalence and durability of antibody responses to AstraZeneca vaccination in Ugandans with prior mild or asymptomatic COVID-19: implications for vaccine policy
IntroductionThe duration and timing of immunity conferred by COVID-19 vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa are crucial for guiding pandemic policy interventions, but systematic data for this region is scarce. This study investigated the antibody response after AstraZeneca vaccination in COVID-19 conval...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183983/full |
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| author | Jennifer Serwanga Jennifer Serwanga Claire Baine Susan Mugaba Violet Ankunda Betty Oliver Auma Gerald Kevin Oluka Gerald Kevin Oluka Laban Kato Isaac Kitabye Jackson Sembera Geoffrey Odoch Peter Ejou Amina Nalumansi Ben Gombe Monica Musenero Pontiano Kaleebu Pontiano Kaleebu the COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team the COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team Christine Hermilia Akoli Deus Mwesigwa Ivan Ssali Hellen Nantambi Angela Namuyanja Solomon Opio Arthur Watelo Kalyebi Joseph Ssebwana Katende |
| author_facet | Jennifer Serwanga Jennifer Serwanga Claire Baine Susan Mugaba Violet Ankunda Betty Oliver Auma Gerald Kevin Oluka Gerald Kevin Oluka Laban Kato Isaac Kitabye Jackson Sembera Geoffrey Odoch Peter Ejou Amina Nalumansi Ben Gombe Monica Musenero Pontiano Kaleebu Pontiano Kaleebu the COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team the COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team Christine Hermilia Akoli Deus Mwesigwa Ivan Ssali Hellen Nantambi Angela Namuyanja Solomon Opio Arthur Watelo Kalyebi Joseph Ssebwana Katende |
| author_sort | Jennifer Serwanga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe duration and timing of immunity conferred by COVID-19 vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa are crucial for guiding pandemic policy interventions, but systematic data for this region is scarce. This study investigated the antibody response after AstraZeneca vaccination in COVID-19 convalescent Ugandans.MethodsWe recruited 86 participants with a previous rt-PCR-confirmed mild or asymptomatic COVID-19 infection and measured the prevalence and levels of spike-directed IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies at baseline, 14 and 28 days after the first dose (priming), 14 days after the second dose (boosting), and at six- and nine-months post-priming. We also measured the prevalence and levels of nucleoprotein-directed antibodies to assess breakthrough infections.ResultsWithin two weeks of priming, vaccination substantially increased the prevalence and concentrations of spike-directed antibodies (p < 0.0001, Wilcoxon signed rank test), with 97.0% and 66% of vaccinated individuals possessing S-IgG and S-IgA antibodies before administering the booster dose. S-IgM prevalence changed marginally after the initial vaccination and barely after the booster, consistent with an already primed immune system. However, we also observed a rise in nucleoprotein seroprevalence, indicative of breakthroughs six months after the initial vaccination.DiscussionOur results suggest that vaccination of COVID-19 convalescent individuals with the AstraZeneca vaccine induces a robust and differential spike-directed antibody response. The data highlights the value of vaccination as an effective method for inducing immunity in previously infected individuals and the importance of administering two doses to maintain protective immunity. Monitoring anti-spike IgG and IgA when assessing vaccine-induced antibody responses is suggested for this population; assessing S-IgM will underestimate the response. The AstraZeneca vaccine is a valuable tool in the fight against COVID-19. Further research is needed to determine the durability of vaccine-induced immunity and the potential need for booster doses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T14:46:21Z |
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| id | doaj.art-12ba7b1e3b934d3ea067f47b5d80e727 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T14:46:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-12ba7b1e3b934d3ea067f47b5d80e7272023-05-02T13:33:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-05-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.11839831183983Seroprevalence and durability of antibody responses to AstraZeneca vaccination in Ugandans with prior mild or asymptomatic COVID-19: implications for vaccine policyJennifer Serwanga0Jennifer Serwanga1Claire Baine2Susan Mugaba3Violet Ankunda4Betty Oliver Auma5Gerald Kevin Oluka6Gerald Kevin Oluka7Laban Kato8Isaac Kitabye9Jackson Sembera10Geoffrey Odoch11Peter Ejou12Amina Nalumansi13Ben Gombe14Monica Musenero15Pontiano Kaleebu16Pontiano Kaleebu17the COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team18the COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team19Christine Hermilia AkoliDeus MwesigwaIvan SsaliHellen NantambiAngela NamuyanjaSolomon OpioArthur Watelo KalyebiJoseph Ssebwana KatendePathogen Genomics, Phenotype, and Immunity Program, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaDepartment of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, UgandaDepartment of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, UgandaPathogen Genomics, Phenotype, and Immunity Program, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaDepartment of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, UgandaPathogen Genomics, Phenotype, and Immunity Program, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaPathogen Genomics, Phenotype, and Immunity Program, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaDepartment of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, UgandaPathogen Genomics, Phenotype, and Immunity Program, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaPathogen Genomics, Phenotype, and Immunity Program, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaDepartment of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, UgandaPathogen Genomics, Phenotype, and Immunity Program, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaPathogen Genomics, Phenotype, and Immunity Program, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaDepartment of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, UgandaPathogen Genomics, Phenotype, and Immunity Program, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaScience, Technology, and Innovation Secretariat, Office of the President, Government of Uganda, Kampala, UgandaPathogen Genomics, Phenotype, and Immunity Program, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaDepartment of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, UgandaPathogen Genomics, Phenotype, and Immunity Program, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaDepartment of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, UgandaIntroductionThe duration and timing of immunity conferred by COVID-19 vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa are crucial for guiding pandemic policy interventions, but systematic data for this region is scarce. This study investigated the antibody response after AstraZeneca vaccination in COVID-19 convalescent Ugandans.MethodsWe recruited 86 participants with a previous rt-PCR-confirmed mild or asymptomatic COVID-19 infection and measured the prevalence and levels of spike-directed IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies at baseline, 14 and 28 days after the first dose (priming), 14 days after the second dose (boosting), and at six- and nine-months post-priming. We also measured the prevalence and levels of nucleoprotein-directed antibodies to assess breakthrough infections.ResultsWithin two weeks of priming, vaccination substantially increased the prevalence and concentrations of spike-directed antibodies (p < 0.0001, Wilcoxon signed rank test), with 97.0% and 66% of vaccinated individuals possessing S-IgG and S-IgA antibodies before administering the booster dose. S-IgM prevalence changed marginally after the initial vaccination and barely after the booster, consistent with an already primed immune system. However, we also observed a rise in nucleoprotein seroprevalence, indicative of breakthroughs six months after the initial vaccination.DiscussionOur results suggest that vaccination of COVID-19 convalescent individuals with the AstraZeneca vaccine induces a robust and differential spike-directed antibody response. The data highlights the value of vaccination as an effective method for inducing immunity in previously infected individuals and the importance of administering two doses to maintain protective immunity. Monitoring anti-spike IgG and IgA when assessing vaccine-induced antibody responses is suggested for this population; assessing S-IgM will underestimate the response. The AstraZeneca vaccine is a valuable tool in the fight against COVID-19. Further research is needed to determine the durability of vaccine-induced immunity and the potential need for booster doses.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183983/fullAstraZeneca vaccinehybrid immunityIgGIgMand IgA antibody responsesUgandan population |
| spellingShingle | Jennifer Serwanga Jennifer Serwanga Claire Baine Susan Mugaba Violet Ankunda Betty Oliver Auma Gerald Kevin Oluka Gerald Kevin Oluka Laban Kato Isaac Kitabye Jackson Sembera Geoffrey Odoch Peter Ejou Amina Nalumansi Ben Gombe Monica Musenero Pontiano Kaleebu Pontiano Kaleebu the COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team the COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team Christine Hermilia Akoli Deus Mwesigwa Ivan Ssali Hellen Nantambi Angela Namuyanja Solomon Opio Arthur Watelo Kalyebi Joseph Ssebwana Katende Seroprevalence and durability of antibody responses to AstraZeneca vaccination in Ugandans with prior mild or asymptomatic COVID-19: implications for vaccine policy Frontiers in Immunology AstraZeneca vaccine hybrid immunity IgG IgM and IgA antibody responses Ugandan population |
| title | Seroprevalence and durability of antibody responses to AstraZeneca vaccination in Ugandans with prior mild or asymptomatic COVID-19: implications for vaccine policy |
| title_full | Seroprevalence and durability of antibody responses to AstraZeneca vaccination in Ugandans with prior mild or asymptomatic COVID-19: implications for vaccine policy |
| title_fullStr | Seroprevalence and durability of antibody responses to AstraZeneca vaccination in Ugandans with prior mild or asymptomatic COVID-19: implications for vaccine policy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seroprevalence and durability of antibody responses to AstraZeneca vaccination in Ugandans with prior mild or asymptomatic COVID-19: implications for vaccine policy |
| title_short | Seroprevalence and durability of antibody responses to AstraZeneca vaccination in Ugandans with prior mild or asymptomatic COVID-19: implications for vaccine policy |
| title_sort | seroprevalence and durability of antibody responses to astrazeneca vaccination in ugandans with prior mild or asymptomatic covid 19 implications for vaccine policy |
| topic | AstraZeneca vaccine hybrid immunity IgG IgM and IgA antibody responses Ugandan population |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183983/full |
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