Terpenes and Cannabinoids in Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Extracts of Industrial Hemp Inflorescences: Optimization of Extraction, Antiradical and Antibacterial Activity
Natural products are increasingly in demand in dermatology and cosmetology. In the present study, highly valuable supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (sCO<sub>2</sub>) extracts rich in bioactive compounds with antiradical and antibacterial activity were obtained from the inflorescen...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/9/1117 |
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| author | Stela Jokić Igor Jerković Valentina Pavić Krunoslav Aladić Maja Molnar Martina Jakovljević Kovač Sanda Vladimir-Knežević |
| author_facet | Stela Jokić Igor Jerković Valentina Pavić Krunoslav Aladić Maja Molnar Martina Jakovljević Kovač Sanda Vladimir-Knežević |
| author_sort | Stela Jokić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Natural products are increasingly in demand in dermatology and cosmetology. In the present study, highly valuable supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (sCO<sub>2</sub>) extracts rich in bioactive compounds with antiradical and antibacterial activity were obtained from the inflorescences of industrial hemp. Volatile compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), while cannabinoids were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). Extraction yields varied from 0.75 to 8.83%, depending on the pressure and temperature applied. The extract obtained at 320 bar and 40 °C with the highest content (305.8 µg mg<sup>−1</sup>) of cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) showed the best antiradical properties. All tested extract concentrations from 10.42 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> to 66.03 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> possessed inhibitory activities against <i>E. coli</i>, <i>P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis</i>, and <i>S. aureus</i>. The sCO<sub>2</sub> extract with the highest content of cannabidiol (CBD) and rich in α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, and limonene was the most effective. The optimal conditions for sCO<sub>2</sub> extraction of cannabinoids and volatile terpenes from industrial hemp were determined. The temperature of 60 °C proved to be optimal for all responses studied, while the pressure showed a different effect depending on the compounds targeted. A low pressure of 131.2 bar was optimal for the extraction of monoterpenes, while extracts rich in sesquiterpenes were obtained at 319.7 bar. A high pressure of 284.78 bar was optimal for the extraction of CBD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:50:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-12bdb4dc9898408db23007391013feda |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:50:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-12bdb4dc9898408db23007391013feda2023-11-23T18:18:55ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472022-09-01159111710.3390/ph15091117Terpenes and Cannabinoids in Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Extracts of Industrial Hemp Inflorescences: Optimization of Extraction, Antiradical and Antibacterial ActivityStela Jokić0Igor Jerković1Valentina Pavić2Krunoslav Aladić3Maja Molnar4Martina Jakovljević Kovač5Sanda Vladimir-Knežević6Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaFaculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, CroatiaDepartment of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaFaculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaFaculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaFaculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaFaculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaNatural products are increasingly in demand in dermatology and cosmetology. In the present study, highly valuable supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (sCO<sub>2</sub>) extracts rich in bioactive compounds with antiradical and antibacterial activity were obtained from the inflorescences of industrial hemp. Volatile compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), while cannabinoids were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). Extraction yields varied from 0.75 to 8.83%, depending on the pressure and temperature applied. The extract obtained at 320 bar and 40 °C with the highest content (305.8 µg mg<sup>−1</sup>) of cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) showed the best antiradical properties. All tested extract concentrations from 10.42 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> to 66.03 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> possessed inhibitory activities against <i>E. coli</i>, <i>P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis</i>, and <i>S. aureus</i>. The sCO<sub>2</sub> extract with the highest content of cannabidiol (CBD) and rich in α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, and limonene was the most effective. The optimal conditions for sCO<sub>2</sub> extraction of cannabinoids and volatile terpenes from industrial hemp were determined. The temperature of 60 °C proved to be optimal for all responses studied, while the pressure showed a different effect depending on the compounds targeted. A low pressure of 131.2 bar was optimal for the extraction of monoterpenes, while extracts rich in sesquiterpenes were obtained at 319.7 bar. A high pressure of 284.78 bar was optimal for the extraction of CBD.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/9/1117<i>Cannabis sativa</i>industrial hempsupercritical CO<sub>2</sub> extractionterpenescannabinoidsantiradical activity |
| spellingShingle | Stela Jokić Igor Jerković Valentina Pavić Krunoslav Aladić Maja Molnar Martina Jakovljević Kovač Sanda Vladimir-Knežević Terpenes and Cannabinoids in Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Extracts of Industrial Hemp Inflorescences: Optimization of Extraction, Antiradical and Antibacterial Activity Pharmaceuticals <i>Cannabis sativa</i> industrial hemp supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> extraction terpenes cannabinoids antiradical activity |
| title | Terpenes and Cannabinoids in Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Extracts of Industrial Hemp Inflorescences: Optimization of Extraction, Antiradical and Antibacterial Activity |
| title_full | Terpenes and Cannabinoids in Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Extracts of Industrial Hemp Inflorescences: Optimization of Extraction, Antiradical and Antibacterial Activity |
| title_fullStr | Terpenes and Cannabinoids in Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Extracts of Industrial Hemp Inflorescences: Optimization of Extraction, Antiradical and Antibacterial Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Terpenes and Cannabinoids in Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Extracts of Industrial Hemp Inflorescences: Optimization of Extraction, Antiradical and Antibacterial Activity |
| title_short | Terpenes and Cannabinoids in Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Extracts of Industrial Hemp Inflorescences: Optimization of Extraction, Antiradical and Antibacterial Activity |
| title_sort | terpenes and cannabinoids in supercritical co sub 2 sub extracts of industrial hemp inflorescences optimization of extraction antiradical and antibacterial activity |
| topic | <i>Cannabis sativa</i> industrial hemp supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> extraction terpenes cannabinoids antiradical activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/9/1117 |
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