Vaccine Candidates against Coronavirus Infections. Where Does COVID-19 Stand?
Seven years after the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak, a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) made its first appearance in a food market in Wuhan, China, drawing an entirely new course to our lives. As the virus belongs to the same genus of MERS and SARS,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/8/861 |
| _version_ | 1797559667488980992 |
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| author | Jawad Al-Kassmy Jannie Pedersen Gary Kobinger |
| author_facet | Jawad Al-Kassmy Jannie Pedersen Gary Kobinger |
| author_sort | Jawad Al-Kassmy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Seven years after the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak, a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) made its first appearance in a food market in Wuhan, China, drawing an entirely new course to our lives. As the virus belongs to the same genus of MERS and SARS, researchers have been trying to draw lessons from previous outbreaks to find a potential cure. Although there were five Phase I human vaccine trials against SARS and MERS, the lack of data in humans provided us with limited benchmarks that could help us design a new vaccine for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this review, we showcase the similarities in structures of virus components between SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 in areas relevant to vaccine design. Using the ClinicalTrials.gov and World Health Organization (WHO) databases, we shed light on the 16 current approved clinical trials worldwide in search for a COVID-19 vaccine. The different vaccine platforms being tested are Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccines, DNA and RNA-based vaccines, inactivated vaccines, protein subunits, and viral vectors. By thoroughly analyzing different trials and platforms, we also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using each type of vaccine and how they can contribute to the design of an adequate vaccine for COVID-19. Studying past efforts invested in conducting vaccine trials for MERS and SARS will provide vital insights regarding the best approach to designing an effective vaccine against COVID-19. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:48:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-12d141bb113e46b897aff4a2bc5e8f8a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:48:34Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-12d141bb113e46b897aff4a2bc5e8f8a2023-11-20T09:26:18ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152020-08-0112886110.3390/v12080861Vaccine Candidates against Coronavirus Infections. Where Does COVID-19 Stand?Jawad Al-Kassmy0Jannie Pedersen1Gary Kobinger2Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, CanadaAxe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, CanadaAxe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, CanadaSeven years after the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak, a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) made its first appearance in a food market in Wuhan, China, drawing an entirely new course to our lives. As the virus belongs to the same genus of MERS and SARS, researchers have been trying to draw lessons from previous outbreaks to find a potential cure. Although there were five Phase I human vaccine trials against SARS and MERS, the lack of data in humans provided us with limited benchmarks that could help us design a new vaccine for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this review, we showcase the similarities in structures of virus components between SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 in areas relevant to vaccine design. Using the ClinicalTrials.gov and World Health Organization (WHO) databases, we shed light on the 16 current approved clinical trials worldwide in search for a COVID-19 vaccine. The different vaccine platforms being tested are Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccines, DNA and RNA-based vaccines, inactivated vaccines, protein subunits, and viral vectors. By thoroughly analyzing different trials and platforms, we also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using each type of vaccine and how they can contribute to the design of an adequate vaccine for COVID-19. Studying past efforts invested in conducting vaccine trials for MERS and SARS will provide vital insights regarding the best approach to designing an effective vaccine against COVID-19.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/8/861coronavirusCOVID-19MERSSARSvaccineclinical trials |
| spellingShingle | Jawad Al-Kassmy Jannie Pedersen Gary Kobinger Vaccine Candidates against Coronavirus Infections. Where Does COVID-19 Stand? Viruses coronavirus COVID-19 MERS SARS vaccine clinical trials |
| title | Vaccine Candidates against Coronavirus Infections. Where Does COVID-19 Stand? |
| title_full | Vaccine Candidates against Coronavirus Infections. Where Does COVID-19 Stand? |
| title_fullStr | Vaccine Candidates against Coronavirus Infections. Where Does COVID-19 Stand? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vaccine Candidates against Coronavirus Infections. Where Does COVID-19 Stand? |
| title_short | Vaccine Candidates against Coronavirus Infections. Where Does COVID-19 Stand? |
| title_sort | vaccine candidates against coronavirus infections where does covid 19 stand |
| topic | coronavirus COVID-19 MERS SARS vaccine clinical trials |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/8/861 |
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