Internalized Homophobia Scale for Gay Chinese Men: Conceptualization, Factor Structure, Reliability, and Associations With Hypothesized Correlates
This study reports the development of an inventory to assess the perceived internalized homophobia of gay men in a collectivistic Chinese cultural context. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses using two samples suggested the viability and stability of a three-factor model: int...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SAGE Publishing
2018-09-01
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| Series: | American Journal of Men's Health |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988318768603 |
| _version_ | 1819004247375609856 |
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| author | Zhengjia Ren Ralph W Hood |
| author_facet | Zhengjia Ren Ralph W Hood |
| author_sort | Zhengjia Ren |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study reports the development of an inventory to assess the perceived internalized homophobia of gay men in a collectivistic Chinese cultural context. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses using two samples suggested the viability and stability of a three-factor model: internalized heteronormativity (IHN), family-oriented identity (FOI), and socially oriented identity (SOI). The 11-item internalized homophobia inventory demonstrated good internal consistency and construct validity. Internalized homophobia was related positively to the extent of a sense of loneliness and negatively to self-evaluation and the discrepancy in self-identification as a gay man. In addition, the participants’ internalized SOI consistently predicted their coming out choices in their social surroundings, while their FOI predicted their decisions to enter into heterosexual marriages. The findings suggest that sexual self-prejudice was correlated with IHN, family values, and social norms. The present research demonstrates that a culturally sensitive scale is necessary to understand the cultural and family-oriented values that influence gay Chinese men’s everyday lives, self-constructs, and behavioral choices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T23:33:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-12d7479f12aa4cadaba1f6349f229ef8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1557-9883 1557-9891 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T23:33:52Z |
| publishDate | 2018-09-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | American Journal of Men's Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-12d7479f12aa4cadaba1f6349f229ef82022-12-21T19:23:15ZengSAGE PublishingAmerican Journal of Men's Health1557-98831557-98912018-09-011210.1177/1557988318768603Internalized Homophobia Scale for Gay Chinese Men: Conceptualization, Factor Structure, Reliability, and Associations With Hypothesized CorrelatesZhengjia Ren0Ralph W Hood1Department of Clinical Psychology, Southwest Hospital, The First Affiliated hospital to TMMU, Third Military Medical University (Army medical University), Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Psychology, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USAThis study reports the development of an inventory to assess the perceived internalized homophobia of gay men in a collectivistic Chinese cultural context. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses using two samples suggested the viability and stability of a three-factor model: internalized heteronormativity (IHN), family-oriented identity (FOI), and socially oriented identity (SOI). The 11-item internalized homophobia inventory demonstrated good internal consistency and construct validity. Internalized homophobia was related positively to the extent of a sense of loneliness and negatively to self-evaluation and the discrepancy in self-identification as a gay man. In addition, the participants’ internalized SOI consistently predicted their coming out choices in their social surroundings, while their FOI predicted their decisions to enter into heterosexual marriages. The findings suggest that sexual self-prejudice was correlated with IHN, family values, and social norms. The present research demonstrates that a culturally sensitive scale is necessary to understand the cultural and family-oriented values that influence gay Chinese men’s everyday lives, self-constructs, and behavioral choices.https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988318768603 |
| spellingShingle | Zhengjia Ren Ralph W Hood Internalized Homophobia Scale for Gay Chinese Men: Conceptualization, Factor Structure, Reliability, and Associations With Hypothesized Correlates American Journal of Men's Health |
| title | Internalized Homophobia Scale for Gay Chinese Men: Conceptualization, Factor Structure, Reliability, and Associations With Hypothesized Correlates |
| title_full | Internalized Homophobia Scale for Gay Chinese Men: Conceptualization, Factor Structure, Reliability, and Associations With Hypothesized Correlates |
| title_fullStr | Internalized Homophobia Scale for Gay Chinese Men: Conceptualization, Factor Structure, Reliability, and Associations With Hypothesized Correlates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Internalized Homophobia Scale for Gay Chinese Men: Conceptualization, Factor Structure, Reliability, and Associations With Hypothesized Correlates |
| title_short | Internalized Homophobia Scale for Gay Chinese Men: Conceptualization, Factor Structure, Reliability, and Associations With Hypothesized Correlates |
| title_sort | internalized homophobia scale for gay chinese men conceptualization factor structure reliability and associations with hypothesized correlates |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988318768603 |
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