Evaluating cytotoxicity of methyl benzoate in vitro
Methyl benzoate (MB) is a small, hydrophobic organic compound that is isolated from the freshwater fern, Salvinia molesta. Because of its pleasant odor, it has been used as a fragrance and flavor enhancer. In addition, it is used to attract orchid bees for pollination in the farm and has been tested...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020301961 |
| _version_ | 1818551031981670400 |
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| author | Heeyoun Bunch Jungeun Park Hyeseung Choe Md Munir Mostafiz Jang-Eok Kim Kyeong-Yeoll Lee |
| author_facet | Heeyoun Bunch Jungeun Park Hyeseung Choe Md Munir Mostafiz Jang-Eok Kim Kyeong-Yeoll Lee |
| author_sort | Heeyoun Bunch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Methyl benzoate (MB) is a small, hydrophobic organic compound that is isolated from the freshwater fern, Salvinia molesta. Because of its pleasant odor, it has been used as a fragrance and flavor enhancer. In addition, it is used to attract orchid bees for pollination in the farm and has been tested for its potential to be developed as a green pesticide targeting a diverse group of insects. In spite of its wide applications, the safety of MB to humans remains poorly understood. In this study, we tested the cytotoxicity of MB against cultured human cells, including kidney, colon, and neuronal cells. Furthermore, other natural and synthetic benzoic acids such as ethyl benzoate (EB) and vinyl benzoate (VB) were compared with MB for their similarity and broad commercial and industrial applications. We found that MB and VB have the least and most overall toxicity to the tested human cells, respectively. In addition, the expression of some genes involved in cell cycle, protein quality control, and neurotransmission such as cyclin D1, HSP70, and ACHE genes was differentially expressed in the presence of these chemicals, most noticeably in treatment of VB. Our study provided the LC50 values of these benzoic acids for human cells in vitro and suggested their mild toxicity that should be considered in the industrial and agricultural applications to be within safe limits. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:54:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-12e074f2ee2d4e3d999034cd9d6b2652 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:54:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-12e074f2ee2d4e3d999034cd9d6b26522022-12-22T00:30:03ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402020-02-0162e03351Evaluating cytotoxicity of methyl benzoate in vitroHeeyoun Bunch0Jungeun Park1Hyeseung Choe2Md Munir Mostafiz3Jang-Eok Kim4Kyeong-Yeoll Lee5School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author.School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaSchool of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaSchool of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaSchool of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaSchool of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaMethyl benzoate (MB) is a small, hydrophobic organic compound that is isolated from the freshwater fern, Salvinia molesta. Because of its pleasant odor, it has been used as a fragrance and flavor enhancer. In addition, it is used to attract orchid bees for pollination in the farm and has been tested for its potential to be developed as a green pesticide targeting a diverse group of insects. In spite of its wide applications, the safety of MB to humans remains poorly understood. In this study, we tested the cytotoxicity of MB against cultured human cells, including kidney, colon, and neuronal cells. Furthermore, other natural and synthetic benzoic acids such as ethyl benzoate (EB) and vinyl benzoate (VB) were compared with MB for their similarity and broad commercial and industrial applications. We found that MB and VB have the least and most overall toxicity to the tested human cells, respectively. In addition, the expression of some genes involved in cell cycle, protein quality control, and neurotransmission such as cyclin D1, HSP70, and ACHE genes was differentially expressed in the presence of these chemicals, most noticeably in treatment of VB. Our study provided the LC50 values of these benzoic acids for human cells in vitro and suggested their mild toxicity that should be considered in the industrial and agricultural applications to be within safe limits.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020301961Agricultural sciencePesticideEnvironmental healthToxicologyMethyl benzoateCytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Heeyoun Bunch Jungeun Park Hyeseung Choe Md Munir Mostafiz Jang-Eok Kim Kyeong-Yeoll Lee Evaluating cytotoxicity of methyl benzoate in vitro Heliyon Agricultural science Pesticide Environmental health Toxicology Methyl benzoate Cytotoxicity |
| title | Evaluating cytotoxicity of methyl benzoate in vitro |
| title_full | Evaluating cytotoxicity of methyl benzoate in vitro |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating cytotoxicity of methyl benzoate in vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating cytotoxicity of methyl benzoate in vitro |
| title_short | Evaluating cytotoxicity of methyl benzoate in vitro |
| title_sort | evaluating cytotoxicity of methyl benzoate in vitro |
| topic | Agricultural science Pesticide Environmental health Toxicology Methyl benzoate Cytotoxicity |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020301961 |
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