The descriptive epidemiology of pre-omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and severe outcomes in Manitoba, Canada
IntroductionVaccination plays a key role in curbing severe outcomes resulting from COVID-19 disease. With the Omicron variant and the relaxing of public health protections breakthrough infections are increasingly common, and certain groups remain at higher risk for severe outcomes from breakthrough...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Epidemiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fepid.2023.1248847/full |
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| author | Souradet Y. Shaw Souradet Y. Shaw Jason Kindrachuk Lyle McKinnon Jeffery C. S. Biegun Jocelyn N. Reimer Carla Loeppky Yichun Joy Wei Jared Bullard Paul Van Caeseele Derek R. Stein |
| author_facet | Souradet Y. Shaw Souradet Y. Shaw Jason Kindrachuk Lyle McKinnon Jeffery C. S. Biegun Jocelyn N. Reimer Carla Loeppky Yichun Joy Wei Jared Bullard Paul Van Caeseele Derek R. Stein |
| author_sort | Souradet Y. Shaw |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionVaccination plays a key role in curbing severe outcomes resulting from COVID-19 disease. With the Omicron variant and the relaxing of public health protections breakthrough infections are increasingly common, and certain groups remain at higher risk for severe outcomes from breakthrough infections. We analysed population-based public health data from Manitoba, Canada to understand characteristics of those experiencing breakthrough infections and severe outcomes from breakthrough infections. Data from previous pandemic stages can provide valuable information regarding severe outcomes associated with breakthrough infection in the Omicron and future phases.MethodsPositive SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests from Cadham Provincial Laboratory were linked to case information from the population-based Public Health Information Management System. A retrospective design was used with time-to-event analyses to examine severe outcomes among those experiencing breakthrough infection.ResultsBreakthrough cases were more likely to have 2 + chronic conditions, compared to age-, sex-, and time-period matched unvaccinated cases (24% vs. 17%), with hypertension (30%), diabetes (17%), and asthma (14%) being the most prevalent chronic conditions amongst breakthrough cases. Severe outcomes resulting from breakthrough infection was associated with age and chronic conditions, with those with 2 + chronic conditions at higher risk of severe outcomes (adjusted hazard ratio: 3.6, 95% confidence intervals: 2.0-6.4). Risk of severe outcomes varied by age group, with those 70 + years at over 13 times the risk of severe outcomes (95% CI: 4.5-39.8), compared to those 18-29 years of age.DiscussionOur results demonstrate the impact of chronic conditions on the likelihood of, and severity of outcomes from breakthrough infections. These findings underscore the importance of vaccination programs prioritizing vulnerable populations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:36:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-12e21a21ce654d23b4ed897addd3721b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2674-1199 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:36:55Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Epidemiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-12e21a21ce654d23b4ed897addd3721b2024-01-12T04:18:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Epidemiology2674-11992024-01-01310.3389/fepid.2023.12488471248847The descriptive epidemiology of pre-omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and severe outcomes in Manitoba, CanadaSouradet Y. Shaw0Souradet Y. Shaw1Jason Kindrachuk2Lyle McKinnon3Jeffery C. S. Biegun4Jocelyn N. Reimer5Carla Loeppky6Yichun Joy Wei7Jared Bullard8Paul Van Caeseele9Derek R. Stein10Department of CommunityHealth Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaDepartment of Sociology and Criminology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaWinnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaManitoba Health, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaManitoba Health, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaCadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaCadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaCadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaIntroductionVaccination plays a key role in curbing severe outcomes resulting from COVID-19 disease. With the Omicron variant and the relaxing of public health protections breakthrough infections are increasingly common, and certain groups remain at higher risk for severe outcomes from breakthrough infections. We analysed population-based public health data from Manitoba, Canada to understand characteristics of those experiencing breakthrough infections and severe outcomes from breakthrough infections. Data from previous pandemic stages can provide valuable information regarding severe outcomes associated with breakthrough infection in the Omicron and future phases.MethodsPositive SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests from Cadham Provincial Laboratory were linked to case information from the population-based Public Health Information Management System. A retrospective design was used with time-to-event analyses to examine severe outcomes among those experiencing breakthrough infection.ResultsBreakthrough cases were more likely to have 2 + chronic conditions, compared to age-, sex-, and time-period matched unvaccinated cases (24% vs. 17%), with hypertension (30%), diabetes (17%), and asthma (14%) being the most prevalent chronic conditions amongst breakthrough cases. Severe outcomes resulting from breakthrough infection was associated with age and chronic conditions, with those with 2 + chronic conditions at higher risk of severe outcomes (adjusted hazard ratio: 3.6, 95% confidence intervals: 2.0-6.4). Risk of severe outcomes varied by age group, with those 70 + years at over 13 times the risk of severe outcomes (95% CI: 4.5-39.8), compared to those 18-29 years of age.DiscussionOur results demonstrate the impact of chronic conditions on the likelihood of, and severity of outcomes from breakthrough infections. These findings underscore the importance of vaccination programs prioritizing vulnerable populations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fepid.2023.1248847/fullCOVID-19breakthrough infectionsevere outcomeschronic conditionsvaccination |
| spellingShingle | Souradet Y. Shaw Souradet Y. Shaw Jason Kindrachuk Lyle McKinnon Jeffery C. S. Biegun Jocelyn N. Reimer Carla Loeppky Yichun Joy Wei Jared Bullard Paul Van Caeseele Derek R. Stein The descriptive epidemiology of pre-omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and severe outcomes in Manitoba, Canada Frontiers in Epidemiology COVID-19 breakthrough infection severe outcomes chronic conditions vaccination |
| title | The descriptive epidemiology of pre-omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and severe outcomes in Manitoba, Canada |
| title_full | The descriptive epidemiology of pre-omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and severe outcomes in Manitoba, Canada |
| title_fullStr | The descriptive epidemiology of pre-omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and severe outcomes in Manitoba, Canada |
| title_full_unstemmed | The descriptive epidemiology of pre-omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and severe outcomes in Manitoba, Canada |
| title_short | The descriptive epidemiology of pre-omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and severe outcomes in Manitoba, Canada |
| title_sort | descriptive epidemiology of pre omicron sars cov 2 breakthrough infections and severe outcomes in manitoba canada |
| topic | COVID-19 breakthrough infection severe outcomes chronic conditions vaccination |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fepid.2023.1248847/full |
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