Herpesviruses dUTPases: A New Family of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP) Proteins with Implications for Human Disease
The human herpesviruses are ubiquitous viruses and have a prevalence of over 90% in the adult population. Following a primary infection they establish latency and can be reactivated over a person’s lifetime. While it is well accepted that human herpesviruses are implicated in numerous diseases rangi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-12-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/6/1/2 |
| _version_ | 1811185004780191744 |
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| author | Marshall V. Williams Brandon Cox Maria Eugenia Ariza |
| author_facet | Marshall V. Williams Brandon Cox Maria Eugenia Ariza |
| author_sort | Marshall V. Williams |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The human herpesviruses are ubiquitous viruses and have a prevalence of over 90% in the adult population. Following a primary infection they establish latency and can be reactivated over a person’s lifetime. While it is well accepted that human herpesviruses are implicated in numerous diseases ranging from dermatological and autoimmune disease to cancer, the role of lytic proteins in the pathophysiology of herpesvirus-associated diseases remains largely understudies. Only recently have we begun to appreciate the importance of lytic proteins produced during reactivation of the virus, in particular the deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolases (dUTPase), as key modulators of the host innate and adaptive immune responses. In this review, we provide evidence from animal and human studies of the Epstein–Barr virus as a prototype, supporting the notion that herpesviruses dUTPases are a family of proteins with unique immunoregulatory functions that can alter the inflammatory microenvironment and thus exacerbate the immune pathology of herpesvirus-related diseases including myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:22:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-12e26c8c7e5a47eb89f7ca09dd44946a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:22:04Z |
| publishDate | 2016-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-12e26c8c7e5a47eb89f7ca09dd44946a2022-12-22T04:22:10ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172016-12-0161210.3390/pathogens6010002pathogens6010002Herpesviruses dUTPases: A New Family of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP) Proteins with Implications for Human DiseaseMarshall V. Williams0Brandon Cox1Maria Eugenia Ariza2Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USAInstitute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USADepartment of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USAThe human herpesviruses are ubiquitous viruses and have a prevalence of over 90% in the adult population. Following a primary infection they establish latency and can be reactivated over a person’s lifetime. While it is well accepted that human herpesviruses are implicated in numerous diseases ranging from dermatological and autoimmune disease to cancer, the role of lytic proteins in the pathophysiology of herpesvirus-associated diseases remains largely understudies. Only recently have we begun to appreciate the importance of lytic proteins produced during reactivation of the virus, in particular the deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolases (dUTPase), as key modulators of the host innate and adaptive immune responses. In this review, we provide evidence from animal and human studies of the Epstein–Barr virus as a prototype, supporting the notion that herpesviruses dUTPases are a family of proteins with unique immunoregulatory functions that can alter the inflammatory microenvironment and thus exacerbate the immune pathology of herpesvirus-related diseases including myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/6/1/2herpesvirusesEpstein–Barr virusdeoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolaseToll-like receptor 2myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndromeautoimmune diseaseslupus nephritiscancer |
| spellingShingle | Marshall V. Williams Brandon Cox Maria Eugenia Ariza Herpesviruses dUTPases: A New Family of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP) Proteins with Implications for Human Disease Pathogens herpesviruses Epstein–Barr virus deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase Toll-like receptor 2 myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome autoimmune diseases lupus nephritis cancer |
| title | Herpesviruses dUTPases: A New Family of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP) Proteins with Implications for Human Disease |
| title_full | Herpesviruses dUTPases: A New Family of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP) Proteins with Implications for Human Disease |
| title_fullStr | Herpesviruses dUTPases: A New Family of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP) Proteins with Implications for Human Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Herpesviruses dUTPases: A New Family of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP) Proteins with Implications for Human Disease |
| title_short | Herpesviruses dUTPases: A New Family of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP) Proteins with Implications for Human Disease |
| title_sort | herpesviruses dutpases a new family of pathogen associated molecular pattern pamp proteins with implications for human disease |
| topic | herpesviruses Epstein–Barr virus deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase Toll-like receptor 2 myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome autoimmune diseases lupus nephritis cancer |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/6/1/2 |
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