COVID-19 and ocular complications: A review of ocular manifestations, diagnostic tools, and prevention strategies
Background: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavins 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to the severe Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak that started in December 2019 in China and caused enormous health and economic problems worldwide. Over time, SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated the capacity for...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667376222000737 |
| _version_ | 1797936287257198592 |
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| author | Jilian Dong Ruida Chen Hanhe Zhao Yirui Zhu |
| author_facet | Jilian Dong Ruida Chen Hanhe Zhao Yirui Zhu |
| author_sort | Jilian Dong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavins 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to the severe Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak that started in December 2019 in China and caused enormous health and economic problems worldwide. Over time, SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated the capacity for mutation. As the most prevalent new coronavirus variety worldwide, the Omicron variant has supplanted the Delta variant. The COVID-19 primarily damages the immune system and the lungs, but it can also harm other organs secondarily, depending on the patients' co-existing conditions. Main Text: COVID-19 is associated with ophthalmic manifestations such as conjunctival congestion, tear overflow, and conjunctival edema, with the majority of eye complications occurring in patients with severe infection. The virus may make a patient more susceptible to thrombotic conditions that affect venous and arterial circulation. Meanwhile, it can lead to efferent complications and mucormycosis which is more common in patients with diabetes or who have critical or severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Significantly, there are a number of ocular side effects following the COVID-19 vaccination, such as herpetic keratitis and facial nerve palsy, which have been reported. These side effects may be caused by the vaccinations' propensity to trigger autoimmune symptoms or thromboembolic events. At present, large-scale nucleic acid testing mainly relies on nasopharyngeal swabs and throat swabs. Tear samples and conjunctival swabs may be helpful samples for the diagnosis of ocular SARS-CoV-2 infection. The eye could be a new route of infection, and finding ways such as effective environmental disinfection, scientific administrative control management, qualified personal protection and other measures to protect the eyes could further reduce the risk of infection. Conclusions: This review aims to sum up the ocular complications of COVID-19, the possible pathogenesis, and preventive strategies to protect ophthalmology practitioners and patients by reviewing the currently available literature on the topic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:27:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-12e32fa153074c2bb3535c47f6b0111a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2667-3762 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:27:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-12e32fa153074c2bb3535c47f6b0111a2023-02-02T04:51:18ZengElsevierAdvances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research2667-37622023-02-01313338COVID-19 and ocular complications: A review of ocular manifestations, diagnostic tools, and prevention strategiesJilian Dong0Ruida Chen1Hanhe Zhao2Yirui Zhu3School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaEye Department, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, China; Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaEye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaEye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Corresponding author. Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xihu avenue, Hangzhou, 310009, China.Background: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavins 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to the severe Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak that started in December 2019 in China and caused enormous health and economic problems worldwide. Over time, SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated the capacity for mutation. As the most prevalent new coronavirus variety worldwide, the Omicron variant has supplanted the Delta variant. The COVID-19 primarily damages the immune system and the lungs, but it can also harm other organs secondarily, depending on the patients' co-existing conditions. Main Text: COVID-19 is associated with ophthalmic manifestations such as conjunctival congestion, tear overflow, and conjunctival edema, with the majority of eye complications occurring in patients with severe infection. The virus may make a patient more susceptible to thrombotic conditions that affect venous and arterial circulation. Meanwhile, it can lead to efferent complications and mucormycosis which is more common in patients with diabetes or who have critical or severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Significantly, there are a number of ocular side effects following the COVID-19 vaccination, such as herpetic keratitis and facial nerve palsy, which have been reported. These side effects may be caused by the vaccinations' propensity to trigger autoimmune symptoms or thromboembolic events. At present, large-scale nucleic acid testing mainly relies on nasopharyngeal swabs and throat swabs. Tear samples and conjunctival swabs may be helpful samples for the diagnosis of ocular SARS-CoV-2 infection. The eye could be a new route of infection, and finding ways such as effective environmental disinfection, scientific administrative control management, qualified personal protection and other measures to protect the eyes could further reduce the risk of infection. Conclusions: This review aims to sum up the ocular complications of COVID-19, the possible pathogenesis, and preventive strategies to protect ophthalmology practitioners and patients by reviewing the currently available literature on the topic.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667376222000737COVID-19Ocular manifestationsDiagnostic toolsPrevention strategies |
| spellingShingle | Jilian Dong Ruida Chen Hanhe Zhao Yirui Zhu COVID-19 and ocular complications: A review of ocular manifestations, diagnostic tools, and prevention strategies Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research COVID-19 Ocular manifestations Diagnostic tools Prevention strategies |
| title | COVID-19 and ocular complications: A review of ocular manifestations, diagnostic tools, and prevention strategies |
| title_full | COVID-19 and ocular complications: A review of ocular manifestations, diagnostic tools, and prevention strategies |
| title_fullStr | COVID-19 and ocular complications: A review of ocular manifestations, diagnostic tools, and prevention strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19 and ocular complications: A review of ocular manifestations, diagnostic tools, and prevention strategies |
| title_short | COVID-19 and ocular complications: A review of ocular manifestations, diagnostic tools, and prevention strategies |
| title_sort | covid 19 and ocular complications a review of ocular manifestations diagnostic tools and prevention strategies |
| topic | COVID-19 Ocular manifestations Diagnostic tools Prevention strategies |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667376222000737 |
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