Deep-skin third-harmonic generation (THG) imaging in vivo excited at the 2200 nm window

The skin is heterogeneous and exerts strong scattering and aberration onto excitation light in multiphoton microscopy (MPM). Shifting to longer excitation wavelengths may help reduce skin scattering and aberration, potentially enabling larger imaging depths. However, previous demonstrations of skin...

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Main Authors: Xinlin Chen, Yi Pan, Ping Qiu, Ke Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: World Scientific Publishing 2023-07-01
Series:Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/10.1142/S1793545822430040
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author Xinlin Chen
Yi Pan
Ping Qiu
Ke Wang
author_facet Xinlin Chen
Yi Pan
Ping Qiu
Ke Wang
author_sort Xinlin Chen
collection DOAJ
description The skin is heterogeneous and exerts strong scattering and aberration onto excitation light in multiphoton microscopy (MPM). Shifting to longer excitation wavelengths may help reduce skin scattering and aberration, potentially enabling larger imaging depths. However, previous demonstrations of skin MPM employ excitation wavelengths only up to the 1700[Formula: see text]nm window, leaving an open question as to whether longer excitation wavelengths are suitable for deep-skin MPM. Here, in order to explore the longer-wavelength territory, first, we demonstrate characterization of the broadband transmittance of excised mouse skin, revealing a high transmittance window at 2200[Formula: see text]nm. Then, we demonstrate third-harmonic generation (THG) imaging in mouse skin in vivo excited at this window. With 9[Formula: see text]mW optical power on the skin surface operating at 1[Formula: see text]MHz repetition rate, we can get THG signals of 250[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m below the skin surface. Comparative THG imaging excited at the 1700[Formula: see text]nm window shows that as imaging depth increases, THG signals decay even faster than those excited at 2200[Formula: see text]nm. Our results thus uncover the 2200[Formula: see text]nm window as a new, promising excitation window potential for deep-skin MPM.
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spelling doaj.art-12f8a41c220b48c69b31b90a7d9c6fa72023-07-19T08:37:30ZengWorld Scientific PublishingJournal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences1793-54581793-72052023-07-01160410.1142/S1793545822430040Deep-skin third-harmonic generation (THG) imaging in vivo excited at the 2200 nm windowXinlin Chen0Yi Pan1Ping Qiu2Ke Wang3Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. ChinaKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. ChinaKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. ChinaKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. ChinaThe skin is heterogeneous and exerts strong scattering and aberration onto excitation light in multiphoton microscopy (MPM). Shifting to longer excitation wavelengths may help reduce skin scattering and aberration, potentially enabling larger imaging depths. However, previous demonstrations of skin MPM employ excitation wavelengths only up to the 1700[Formula: see text]nm window, leaving an open question as to whether longer excitation wavelengths are suitable for deep-skin MPM. Here, in order to explore the longer-wavelength territory, first, we demonstrate characterization of the broadband transmittance of excised mouse skin, revealing a high transmittance window at 2200[Formula: see text]nm. Then, we demonstrate third-harmonic generation (THG) imaging in mouse skin in vivo excited at this window. With 9[Formula: see text]mW optical power on the skin surface operating at 1[Formula: see text]MHz repetition rate, we can get THG signals of 250[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m below the skin surface. Comparative THG imaging excited at the 1700[Formula: see text]nm window shows that as imaging depth increases, THG signals decay even faster than those excited at 2200[Formula: see text]nm. Our results thus uncover the 2200[Formula: see text]nm window as a new, promising excitation window potential for deep-skin MPM.https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/10.1142/S1793545822430040Third-harmonic generation2200nm1700nmskin
spellingShingle Xinlin Chen
Yi Pan
Ping Qiu
Ke Wang
Deep-skin third-harmonic generation (THG) imaging in vivo excited at the 2200 nm window
Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences
Third-harmonic generation
2200nm
1700nm
skin
title Deep-skin third-harmonic generation (THG) imaging in vivo excited at the 2200 nm window
title_full Deep-skin third-harmonic generation (THG) imaging in vivo excited at the 2200 nm window
title_fullStr Deep-skin third-harmonic generation (THG) imaging in vivo excited at the 2200 nm window
title_full_unstemmed Deep-skin third-harmonic generation (THG) imaging in vivo excited at the 2200 nm window
title_short Deep-skin third-harmonic generation (THG) imaging in vivo excited at the 2200 nm window
title_sort deep skin third harmonic generation thg imaging in vivo excited at the 2200 nm window
topic Third-harmonic generation
2200nm
1700nm
skin
url https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/10.1142/S1793545822430040
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AT yipan deepskinthirdharmonicgenerationthgimaginginvivoexcitedatthe2200nmwindow
AT pingqiu deepskinthirdharmonicgenerationthgimaginginvivoexcitedatthe2200nmwindow
AT kewang deepskinthirdharmonicgenerationthgimaginginvivoexcitedatthe2200nmwindow