Peel Diffusion and Antifungal Efficacy of Different Fungicides in Pear Fruit: Structure-Diffusion-Activity Relationships
Fungal pathogens can invade not only the fruit peel but also the outer part of the fruit mesocarp, limiting the efficacy of fungicides. In this study, the relationships between fungicide structure, diffusion capacity and in vivo efficacy were evaluated for the first time. The diffusion capacity from...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/5/547 |
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| author | Gui-Yang Zhu Ying Chen Su-Yan Wang Xin-Chi Shi Daniela D. Herrera-Balandrano Victor Polo Pedro Laborda |
| author_facet | Gui-Yang Zhu Ying Chen Su-Yan Wang Xin-Chi Shi Daniela D. Herrera-Balandrano Victor Polo Pedro Laborda |
| author_sort | Gui-Yang Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fungal pathogens can invade not only the fruit peel but also the outer part of the fruit mesocarp, limiting the efficacy of fungicides. In this study, the relationships between fungicide structure, diffusion capacity and in vivo efficacy were evaluated for the first time. The diffusion capacity from pear peel to mesocarp of 11 antifungal compounds, including <i>p</i>-aminobenzoic acid, carbendazim, difenoconazole, dipicolinic acid, flusilazole, gentamicin, kojic acid, prochloraz, quinolinic acid, thiophanate methyl and thiram was screened. The obtained results indicated that size and especially polarity were negatively correlated with the diffusion capacity. Although some antifungal compounds, such as prochloraz and carbendazim, were completely degraded after a few days in peel and mesocarp, other compounds, such as <i>p</i>-aminobenzoic acid and kojic acid, showed high stability. When applying the antifungal compounds at the EC<sub>50</sub> concentrations, it was observed that the compounds with high diffusion capacity showed higher in vivo antifungal activity against <i>Alternaria alternata</i> than compounds with low diffusion capacity. In contrast, there was no relationship between stability and in vivo efficacy. Collectively, the obtained results indicated that the diffusion capacity plays an important role in the efficacy of fungicides for the control of pear fruit diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:36:21Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:36:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-12faf453f9eb498a853eae309078fe972023-11-23T11:42:41ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2022-05-018554710.3390/jof8050547Peel Diffusion and Antifungal Efficacy of Different Fungicides in Pear Fruit: Structure-Diffusion-Activity RelationshipsGui-Yang Zhu0Ying Chen1Su-Yan Wang2Xin-Chi Shi3Daniela D. Herrera-Balandrano4Victor Polo5Pedro Laborda6School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaDepartamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, SpainSchool of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaFungal pathogens can invade not only the fruit peel but also the outer part of the fruit mesocarp, limiting the efficacy of fungicides. In this study, the relationships between fungicide structure, diffusion capacity and in vivo efficacy were evaluated for the first time. The diffusion capacity from pear peel to mesocarp of 11 antifungal compounds, including <i>p</i>-aminobenzoic acid, carbendazim, difenoconazole, dipicolinic acid, flusilazole, gentamicin, kojic acid, prochloraz, quinolinic acid, thiophanate methyl and thiram was screened. The obtained results indicated that size and especially polarity were negatively correlated with the diffusion capacity. Although some antifungal compounds, such as prochloraz and carbendazim, were completely degraded after a few days in peel and mesocarp, other compounds, such as <i>p</i>-aminobenzoic acid and kojic acid, showed high stability. When applying the antifungal compounds at the EC<sub>50</sub> concentrations, it was observed that the compounds with high diffusion capacity showed higher in vivo antifungal activity against <i>Alternaria alternata</i> than compounds with low diffusion capacity. In contrast, there was no relationship between stability and in vivo efficacy. Collectively, the obtained results indicated that the diffusion capacity plays an important role in the efficacy of fungicides for the control of pear fruit diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/5/547fungicidesplant fungal pathogenspear fruitantifungal activitypeel diffusionpostharvest diseases |
| spellingShingle | Gui-Yang Zhu Ying Chen Su-Yan Wang Xin-Chi Shi Daniela D. Herrera-Balandrano Victor Polo Pedro Laborda Peel Diffusion and Antifungal Efficacy of Different Fungicides in Pear Fruit: Structure-Diffusion-Activity Relationships Journal of Fungi fungicides plant fungal pathogens pear fruit antifungal activity peel diffusion postharvest diseases |
| title | Peel Diffusion and Antifungal Efficacy of Different Fungicides in Pear Fruit: Structure-Diffusion-Activity Relationships |
| title_full | Peel Diffusion and Antifungal Efficacy of Different Fungicides in Pear Fruit: Structure-Diffusion-Activity Relationships |
| title_fullStr | Peel Diffusion and Antifungal Efficacy of Different Fungicides in Pear Fruit: Structure-Diffusion-Activity Relationships |
| title_full_unstemmed | Peel Diffusion and Antifungal Efficacy of Different Fungicides in Pear Fruit: Structure-Diffusion-Activity Relationships |
| title_short | Peel Diffusion and Antifungal Efficacy of Different Fungicides in Pear Fruit: Structure-Diffusion-Activity Relationships |
| title_sort | peel diffusion and antifungal efficacy of different fungicides in pear fruit structure diffusion activity relationships |
| topic | fungicides plant fungal pathogens pear fruit antifungal activity peel diffusion postharvest diseases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/5/547 |
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