Mechanism of Action and Structure–Activity Relationships of Tetracyclic Small Molecules Acting as Universal Positive Allosteric Modulators of the Cholecystokinin Receptor
As part of an ongoing effort to develop a drug targeting the type 1 cholecystokinin receptor (CCK1R) to help prevent and/or treat obesity, we recently performed a high throughput screening effort of small molecules seeking candidates that enhanced the action of the natural agonist, CCK, thus acting...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/2/150 |
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| author | Daniela G. Dengler Kaleeckal G. Harikumar Alice Yen Eduard A. Sergienko Laurence J. Miller |
| author_facet | Daniela G. Dengler Kaleeckal G. Harikumar Alice Yen Eduard A. Sergienko Laurence J. Miller |
| author_sort | Daniela G. Dengler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As part of an ongoing effort to develop a drug targeting the type 1 cholecystokinin receptor (CCK1R) to help prevent and/or treat obesity, we recently performed a high throughput screening effort of small molecules seeking candidates that enhanced the action of the natural agonist, CCK, thus acting as positive allosteric modulators without exhibiting intrinsic agonist action. Such probes would be expected to act in a temporally finite way to enhance CCK action to induce satiety during and after a meal and potentially even modulate activity at the CCK1R in a high cholesterol environment present in some obese patients. The current work focuses on the best scaffold, representing tetracyclic molecules identified through high throughput screening we previously reported. Extensive characterization of the two top “hits” from the previous effort demonstrated them to fulfill the desired pharmacologic profile. We undertook analog-by-catalog expansion of this scaffold using 65 commercially available analogs. In this effort, we were able to eliminate an off-target effect observed for this scaffold while retaining its activity as a positive allosteric modulator of CCK1R in both normal and high cholesterol membrane environments. These insights should be useful in the rational medicinal chemical enhancement of this scaffold and in the future development of candidates to advance to pre-clinical proof-of-concept and to clinical trials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:26:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-12fce92a66594ac0a74ef2c42448a870 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:26:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-12fce92a66594ac0a74ef2c42448a8702023-11-16T22:02:02ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752023-01-0113215010.3390/membranes13020150Mechanism of Action and Structure–Activity Relationships of Tetracyclic Small Molecules Acting as Universal Positive Allosteric Modulators of the Cholecystokinin ReceptorDaniela G. Dengler0Kaleeckal G. Harikumar1Alice Yen2Eduard A. Sergienko3Laurence J. Miller4Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USADepartment of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USAConrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USAConrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USADepartment of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USAAs part of an ongoing effort to develop a drug targeting the type 1 cholecystokinin receptor (CCK1R) to help prevent and/or treat obesity, we recently performed a high throughput screening effort of small molecules seeking candidates that enhanced the action of the natural agonist, CCK, thus acting as positive allosteric modulators without exhibiting intrinsic agonist action. Such probes would be expected to act in a temporally finite way to enhance CCK action to induce satiety during and after a meal and potentially even modulate activity at the CCK1R in a high cholesterol environment present in some obese patients. The current work focuses on the best scaffold, representing tetracyclic molecules identified through high throughput screening we previously reported. Extensive characterization of the two top “hits” from the previous effort demonstrated them to fulfill the desired pharmacologic profile. We undertook analog-by-catalog expansion of this scaffold using 65 commercially available analogs. In this effort, we were able to eliminate an off-target effect observed for this scaffold while retaining its activity as a positive allosteric modulator of CCK1R in both normal and high cholesterol membrane environments. These insights should be useful in the rational medicinal chemical enhancement of this scaffold and in the future development of candidates to advance to pre-clinical proof-of-concept and to clinical trials.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/2/150cholecystokinincholecystokinin receptorG protein-coupled receptorpositive allosteric modulatorobesity |
| spellingShingle | Daniela G. Dengler Kaleeckal G. Harikumar Alice Yen Eduard A. Sergienko Laurence J. Miller Mechanism of Action and Structure–Activity Relationships of Tetracyclic Small Molecules Acting as Universal Positive Allosteric Modulators of the Cholecystokinin Receptor Membranes cholecystokinin cholecystokinin receptor G protein-coupled receptor positive allosteric modulator obesity |
| title | Mechanism of Action and Structure–Activity Relationships of Tetracyclic Small Molecules Acting as Universal Positive Allosteric Modulators of the Cholecystokinin Receptor |
| title_full | Mechanism of Action and Structure–Activity Relationships of Tetracyclic Small Molecules Acting as Universal Positive Allosteric Modulators of the Cholecystokinin Receptor |
| title_fullStr | Mechanism of Action and Structure–Activity Relationships of Tetracyclic Small Molecules Acting as Universal Positive Allosteric Modulators of the Cholecystokinin Receptor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanism of Action and Structure–Activity Relationships of Tetracyclic Small Molecules Acting as Universal Positive Allosteric Modulators of the Cholecystokinin Receptor |
| title_short | Mechanism of Action and Structure–Activity Relationships of Tetracyclic Small Molecules Acting as Universal Positive Allosteric Modulators of the Cholecystokinin Receptor |
| title_sort | mechanism of action and structure activity relationships of tetracyclic small molecules acting as universal positive allosteric modulators of the cholecystokinin receptor |
| topic | cholecystokinin cholecystokinin receptor G protein-coupled receptor positive allosteric modulator obesity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/2/150 |
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