Annotation and Molecular Characterisation of the <i>TaIRO3</i> and <i>TaHRZ</i> Iron Homeostasis Genes in Bread Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.)
Effective maintenance of plant iron (Fe) homoeostasis relies on a network of transcription factors (TFs) that respond to environmental conditions and regulate Fe uptake, translocation, and storage. The iron-related transcription factor 3 (IRO3), as well as haemerythrin motif-containing really intere...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/5/653 |
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| author | Oscar Carey-Fung Jesse T. Beasley Alexander A. T. Johnson |
| author_facet | Oscar Carey-Fung Jesse T. Beasley Alexander A. T. Johnson |
| author_sort | Oscar Carey-Fung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Effective maintenance of plant iron (Fe) homoeostasis relies on a network of transcription factors (TFs) that respond to environmental conditions and regulate Fe uptake, translocation, and storage. The iron-related transcription factor 3 (IRO3), as well as haemerythrin motif-containing really interesting new gene (RING) protein and zinc finger protein (HRZ), are major regulators of Fe homeostasis in diploid species like <i>Arabidopsis</i> (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>) and rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.), but remain uncharacterised in hexaploid bread wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.). In this study, we have identified, annotated, and characterised three <i>TaIRO3</i> homoeologs and six <i>TaHRZ1</i> and <i>TaHRZ2</i> homoeologs in the bread wheat genome. Protein analysis revealed that TaIRO3 and TaHRZ proteins contain functionally conserved domains for DNA-binding, dimerisation, Fe binding, or polyubiquitination, and phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering of TaIRO3 and TaHRZ proteins with other monocot IRO3 and HRZ proteins, respectively. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis revealed that all <i>TaIRO3</i> and <i>TaHRZ</i> homoeologs have unique tissue expression profiles and are upregulated in shoot tissues in response to Fe deficiency. After 24 h of Fe deficiency, the expression of <i>TaHRZ</i> homoeologs was upregulated, while the expression of <i>TaIRO3</i> homoeologs was unchanged, suggesting that TaHRZ functions upstream of TaIRO3 in the wheat Fe homeostasis TF network. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:54:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-12ff46af58f441cfa15bb0191d1fc4d2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:54:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-12ff46af58f441cfa15bb0191d1fc4d22023-11-21T17:22:09ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252021-04-0112565310.3390/genes12050653Annotation and Molecular Characterisation of the <i>TaIRO3</i> and <i>TaHRZ</i> Iron Homeostasis Genes in Bread Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.)Oscar Carey-Fung0Jesse T. Beasley1Alexander A. T. Johnson2School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, AustraliaSchool of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, AustraliaSchool of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, AustraliaEffective maintenance of plant iron (Fe) homoeostasis relies on a network of transcription factors (TFs) that respond to environmental conditions and regulate Fe uptake, translocation, and storage. The iron-related transcription factor 3 (IRO3), as well as haemerythrin motif-containing really interesting new gene (RING) protein and zinc finger protein (HRZ), are major regulators of Fe homeostasis in diploid species like <i>Arabidopsis</i> (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>) and rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.), but remain uncharacterised in hexaploid bread wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.). In this study, we have identified, annotated, and characterised three <i>TaIRO3</i> homoeologs and six <i>TaHRZ1</i> and <i>TaHRZ2</i> homoeologs in the bread wheat genome. Protein analysis revealed that TaIRO3 and TaHRZ proteins contain functionally conserved domains for DNA-binding, dimerisation, Fe binding, or polyubiquitination, and phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering of TaIRO3 and TaHRZ proteins with other monocot IRO3 and HRZ proteins, respectively. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis revealed that all <i>TaIRO3</i> and <i>TaHRZ</i> homoeologs have unique tissue expression profiles and are upregulated in shoot tissues in response to Fe deficiency. After 24 h of Fe deficiency, the expression of <i>TaHRZ</i> homoeologs was upregulated, while the expression of <i>TaIRO3</i> homoeologs was unchanged, suggesting that TaHRZ functions upstream of TaIRO3 in the wheat Fe homeostasis TF network.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/5/653homoeologsE3-ligaseubiquitinationhexaploidKnetMinerbasic helix–loop–helix |
| spellingShingle | Oscar Carey-Fung Jesse T. Beasley Alexander A. T. Johnson Annotation and Molecular Characterisation of the <i>TaIRO3</i> and <i>TaHRZ</i> Iron Homeostasis Genes in Bread Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Genes homoeologs E3-ligase ubiquitination hexaploid KnetMiner basic helix–loop–helix |
| title | Annotation and Molecular Characterisation of the <i>TaIRO3</i> and <i>TaHRZ</i> Iron Homeostasis Genes in Bread Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) |
| title_full | Annotation and Molecular Characterisation of the <i>TaIRO3</i> and <i>TaHRZ</i> Iron Homeostasis Genes in Bread Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | Annotation and Molecular Characterisation of the <i>TaIRO3</i> and <i>TaHRZ</i> Iron Homeostasis Genes in Bread Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Annotation and Molecular Characterisation of the <i>TaIRO3</i> and <i>TaHRZ</i> Iron Homeostasis Genes in Bread Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) |
| title_short | Annotation and Molecular Characterisation of the <i>TaIRO3</i> and <i>TaHRZ</i> Iron Homeostasis Genes in Bread Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) |
| title_sort | annotation and molecular characterisation of the i tairo3 i and i tahrz i iron homeostasis genes in bread wheat i triticum aestivum i l |
| topic | homoeologs E3-ligase ubiquitination hexaploid KnetMiner basic helix–loop–helix |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/5/653 |
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