Microfluidic liquid sheets as large-area targets for high repetition XFELs
The high intensity of X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) can damage solution-phase samples on every scale, ranging from the molecular or electronic structure of a sample to the macroscopic structure of a liquid microjet. By using a large surface area liquid sheet microjet as a sample target instead...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2022.1048932/full |
| _version_ | 1811299593828171776 |
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| author | David J. Hoffman Tim B. Van Driel Thomas Kroll Christopher J. Crissman Christopher J. Crissman Elizabeth S. Ryland Kacie J. Nelson Amy A. Cordones Jake D. Koralek Daniel P. DePonte |
| author_facet | David J. Hoffman Tim B. Van Driel Thomas Kroll Christopher J. Crissman Christopher J. Crissman Elizabeth S. Ryland Kacie J. Nelson Amy A. Cordones Jake D. Koralek Daniel P. DePonte |
| author_sort | David J. Hoffman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The high intensity of X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) can damage solution-phase samples on every scale, ranging from the molecular or electronic structure of a sample to the macroscopic structure of a liquid microjet. By using a large surface area liquid sheet microjet as a sample target instead of a standard cylindrical microjet, the incident X-ray spot size can be increased such that the incident intensity falls below the damage threshold. This capability is becoming particularly important for high repetition rate XFELs, where destroying a target with each pulse would require prohibitively large volumes of sample. We present here a study of microfluidic liquid sheet dimensions as a function of liquid flow rate. Sheet lengths, widths and thickness gradients are shown for three styles of nozzles fabricated from isotropically etched glass. In-vacuum operation and sample recirculation using these nozzles is demonstrated. The effects of intense XFEL pulses on the structure of a liquid sheet are also briefly examined. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:37:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-13110d8253bc495eac2cbfca436763b3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-889X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:37:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-13110d8253bc495eac2cbfca436763b32022-12-22T02:57:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences2296-889X2022-12-01910.3389/fmolb.2022.10489321048932Microfluidic liquid sheets as large-area targets for high repetition XFELsDavid J. Hoffman0Tim B. Van Driel1Thomas Kroll2Christopher J. Crissman3Christopher J. Crissman4Elizabeth S. Ryland5Kacie J. Nelson6Amy A. Cordones7Jake D. Koralek8Daniel P. DePonte9SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, United StatesSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, United StatesStanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, United StatesSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, United StatesUnited States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United StatesSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford PULSE Institute, Menlo Park, CA, United StatesSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford PULSE Institute, Menlo Park, CA, United StatesSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford PULSE Institute, Menlo Park, CA, United StatesSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, United StatesSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, United StatesThe high intensity of X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) can damage solution-phase samples on every scale, ranging from the molecular or electronic structure of a sample to the macroscopic structure of a liquid microjet. By using a large surface area liquid sheet microjet as a sample target instead of a standard cylindrical microjet, the incident X-ray spot size can be increased such that the incident intensity falls below the damage threshold. This capability is becoming particularly important for high repetition rate XFELs, where destroying a target with each pulse would require prohibitively large volumes of sample. We present here a study of microfluidic liquid sheet dimensions as a function of liquid flow rate. Sheet lengths, widths and thickness gradients are shown for three styles of nozzles fabricated from isotropically etched glass. In-vacuum operation and sample recirculation using these nozzles is demonstrated. The effects of intense XFEL pulses on the structure of a liquid sheet are also briefly examined.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2022.1048932/fullmicrofluidicsx-raystructural biologydevicesinstrumentssamples |
| spellingShingle | David J. Hoffman Tim B. Van Driel Thomas Kroll Christopher J. Crissman Christopher J. Crissman Elizabeth S. Ryland Kacie J. Nelson Amy A. Cordones Jake D. Koralek Daniel P. DePonte Microfluidic liquid sheets as large-area targets for high repetition XFELs Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences microfluidics x-ray structural biology devices instruments samples |
| title | Microfluidic liquid sheets as large-area targets for high repetition XFELs |
| title_full | Microfluidic liquid sheets as large-area targets for high repetition XFELs |
| title_fullStr | Microfluidic liquid sheets as large-area targets for high repetition XFELs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microfluidic liquid sheets as large-area targets for high repetition XFELs |
| title_short | Microfluidic liquid sheets as large-area targets for high repetition XFELs |
| title_sort | microfluidic liquid sheets as large area targets for high repetition xfels |
| topic | microfluidics x-ray structural biology devices instruments samples |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2022.1048932/full |
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