Immunomodulatory effects of epiphytic Loranthus micranthus leaf extracts collected from two host plants: Psidium guajava and Parkia biglobosa
Abstract Background Immunological abnormalities are implicated in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. Due to the drug-related adverse effects of currently available orthodox immunomodulators, natural immunomodulators are being looked upon as potential agents to replace them in therapeutic reg...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-04282-4 |
| _version_ | 1827388720589832192 |
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| author | Ngozi Dorathy Idoko Ifeoma Felicia Chukwuma Florence Nkechi Nworah Sopuruchukwu Elizabeth Mba Parker Elijah Joshua Okwesilieze Fred Chiletugo Nwodo Wafaa Fouzi Abusudah Najlaa Hamed Almohmadi Michel de Waard |
| author_facet | Ngozi Dorathy Idoko Ifeoma Felicia Chukwuma Florence Nkechi Nworah Sopuruchukwu Elizabeth Mba Parker Elijah Joshua Okwesilieze Fred Chiletugo Nwodo Wafaa Fouzi Abusudah Najlaa Hamed Almohmadi Michel de Waard |
| author_sort | Ngozi Dorathy Idoko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Immunological abnormalities are implicated in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. Due to the drug-related adverse effects of currently available orthodox immunomodulators, natural immunomodulators are being looked upon as potential agents to replace them in therapeutic regimens. This research aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory potential of L. micranthus extracts epiphytic on Psidium guajava (LMPGE) and Parkia biglobosa (LMPBE). Methods Phytochemical screening and acute toxicity testing were carried out to identify the phytoconstituents and safety profiles of the extracts. The extracts’ innate and adaptive immunomodulatory potentials were determined in experimental animals using in vivo leucocyte mobilization, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, hemagglutination antibody titre, and cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression models. Levamisole was used as the standard drug throughout the study. Results Compared to LMPBE, LMPGE contained significantly (p < 0.05) more tannins, cyanogenic glycosides, saponins, reducing sugars, glycosides, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Furthermore, the groups treated with the extracts had a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the total number of leucocytes, neutrophils, basophils, and antibody titers relative to the untreated control. In the same way, the treatment raised TLC in cyclophosphamide-intoxicated rats, with 250 mg/kg b. w. of LMPGE and LMPBE recording 9712.50 ± 178.00 and 8000.00 ± 105.00 × 109 /L, respectively, compared to 3425.00 ± 2 5.00 × 109 /L in the untreated group. Overall, LMPGE was more effective. Conclusions The findings from this study suggest that L. micranthus epiphytic in Psidium guajava and Parkia biglobosa has possible immune stimulating potential. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:23:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1314216fb30641578c2aa35cbd40c8bd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2662-7671 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:23:58Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies |
| spelling | doaj.art-1314216fb30641578c2aa35cbd40c8bd2024-01-07T12:11:06ZengBMCBMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies2662-76712024-01-0124111210.1186/s12906-023-04282-4Immunomodulatory effects of epiphytic Loranthus micranthus leaf extracts collected from two host plants: Psidium guajava and Parkia biglobosaNgozi Dorathy Idoko0Ifeoma Felicia Chukwuma1Florence Nkechi Nworah2Sopuruchukwu Elizabeth Mba3Parker Elijah Joshua4Okwesilieze Fred Chiletugo Nwodo5Wafaa Fouzi Abusudah6Najlaa Hamed Almohmadi7Michel de Waard8Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of NigeriaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of NigeriaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of NigeriaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of NigeriaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of NigeriaDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and TechnologyClinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, UMM AL-QURA UniversityClinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, UMM AL-QURA UniversitySmartox BiotechnologyAbstract Background Immunological abnormalities are implicated in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. Due to the drug-related adverse effects of currently available orthodox immunomodulators, natural immunomodulators are being looked upon as potential agents to replace them in therapeutic regimens. This research aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory potential of L. micranthus extracts epiphytic on Psidium guajava (LMPGE) and Parkia biglobosa (LMPBE). Methods Phytochemical screening and acute toxicity testing were carried out to identify the phytoconstituents and safety profiles of the extracts. The extracts’ innate and adaptive immunomodulatory potentials were determined in experimental animals using in vivo leucocyte mobilization, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, hemagglutination antibody titre, and cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression models. Levamisole was used as the standard drug throughout the study. Results Compared to LMPBE, LMPGE contained significantly (p < 0.05) more tannins, cyanogenic glycosides, saponins, reducing sugars, glycosides, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Furthermore, the groups treated with the extracts had a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the total number of leucocytes, neutrophils, basophils, and antibody titers relative to the untreated control. In the same way, the treatment raised TLC in cyclophosphamide-intoxicated rats, with 250 mg/kg b. w. of LMPGE and LMPBE recording 9712.50 ± 178.00 and 8000.00 ± 105.00 × 109 /L, respectively, compared to 3425.00 ± 2 5.00 × 109 /L in the untreated group. Overall, LMPGE was more effective. Conclusions The findings from this study suggest that L. micranthus epiphytic in Psidium guajava and Parkia biglobosa has possible immune stimulating potential.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-04282-4AntibodiesCell-mediated immunityHumoral immunityImmunomodulatoryLoranthus micranthusPhytochemicals |
| spellingShingle | Ngozi Dorathy Idoko Ifeoma Felicia Chukwuma Florence Nkechi Nworah Sopuruchukwu Elizabeth Mba Parker Elijah Joshua Okwesilieze Fred Chiletugo Nwodo Wafaa Fouzi Abusudah Najlaa Hamed Almohmadi Michel de Waard Immunomodulatory effects of epiphytic Loranthus micranthus leaf extracts collected from two host plants: Psidium guajava and Parkia biglobosa BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Antibodies Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunomodulatory Loranthus micranthus Phytochemicals |
| title | Immunomodulatory effects of epiphytic Loranthus micranthus leaf extracts collected from two host plants: Psidium guajava and Parkia biglobosa |
| title_full | Immunomodulatory effects of epiphytic Loranthus micranthus leaf extracts collected from two host plants: Psidium guajava and Parkia biglobosa |
| title_fullStr | Immunomodulatory effects of epiphytic Loranthus micranthus leaf extracts collected from two host plants: Psidium guajava and Parkia biglobosa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunomodulatory effects of epiphytic Loranthus micranthus leaf extracts collected from two host plants: Psidium guajava and Parkia biglobosa |
| title_short | Immunomodulatory effects of epiphytic Loranthus micranthus leaf extracts collected from two host plants: Psidium guajava and Parkia biglobosa |
| title_sort | immunomodulatory effects of epiphytic loranthus micranthus leaf extracts collected from two host plants psidium guajava and parkia biglobosa |
| topic | Antibodies Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunomodulatory Loranthus micranthus Phytochemicals |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-04282-4 |
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