New Insights into the Medieval Hispano-Muslim Panel Painting: The <i>Alfarje</i> Found in a Balearic <i>Casal</i> (Spain)
Hispano-Muslim culture flourished during the Middle Ages in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. During the restoration of a Balearic nobiliary building (<i>casal</i>), several panels with polychrome decoration on the back side were found. They were part of an old Muslim wooden ce...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1235 |
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| author | Carla Álvarez-Romero Ana García-Bueno Teresa López-Martínez Rafael Turatti-Guerrero Noemí Montoya María Teresa Doménech-Carbó |
| author_facet | Carla Álvarez-Romero Ana García-Bueno Teresa López-Martínez Rafael Turatti-Guerrero Noemí Montoya María Teresa Doménech-Carbó |
| author_sort | Carla Álvarez-Romero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hispano-Muslim culture flourished during the Middle Ages in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. During the restoration of a Balearic nobiliary building (<i>casal</i>), several panels with polychrome decoration on the back side were found. They were part of an old Muslim wooden ceiling (<i>alfarje</i>). A multi-technique strategy including optical microscopy, infrared and μRaman spectroscopies, field emission scanning electron microscopy-X-ray microanalysis (FESEM-EDX), focused ion beam (FIB-FESEM-EDX), atomic force microscopy nanoindentation (AFM-NI), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been applied in the analysis of these panel paintings and has provided morphological and compositional data that have led to the identification of the materials and artistic technique as well as the alteration mechanisms due to the natural aging and the adverse conditions of conservation. As a novelty, this study has confirmed the use of indigo as a blue pigment, an unusual material in Hispano-Muslim panel painting. Apart from the notable change in the visual appearance observed in the paintings, the study has also confirmed a change in the mechanical resistance in the paint layers. These changes have been induced by the combination of the chemical and microbiological alteration mechanisms identified. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:33:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1318a5ad34b84be281b6b348a84869b3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:33:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-1318a5ad34b84be281b6b348a84869b32023-11-16T17:29:34ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-01-01283123510.3390/molecules28031235New Insights into the Medieval Hispano-Muslim Panel Painting: The <i>Alfarje</i> Found in a Balearic <i>Casal</i> (Spain)Carla Álvarez-Romero0Ana García-Bueno1Teresa López-Martínez2Rafael Turatti-Guerrero3Noemí Montoya4María Teresa Doménech-Carbó5Painting Department, University of Granada, Avenida de Andalucía 27, 18014 Granada, SpainPainting Department, University of Granada, Avenida de Andalucía 27, 18014 Granada, SpainPainting Department, University of Granada, Avenida de Andalucía 27, 18014 Granada, SpainTrívium C. B, Calle Ceniceros 25, 18010 Granada, SpainHealth Sciences School, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, UNIR Avenida de la Paz 137, 26006 Logroño, SpainInstitut Universitari de Restauració del Patrimoni, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera 14, 46022 València, SpainHispano-Muslim culture flourished during the Middle Ages in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. During the restoration of a Balearic nobiliary building (<i>casal</i>), several panels with polychrome decoration on the back side were found. They were part of an old Muslim wooden ceiling (<i>alfarje</i>). A multi-technique strategy including optical microscopy, infrared and μRaman spectroscopies, field emission scanning electron microscopy-X-ray microanalysis (FESEM-EDX), focused ion beam (FIB-FESEM-EDX), atomic force microscopy nanoindentation (AFM-NI), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been applied in the analysis of these panel paintings and has provided morphological and compositional data that have led to the identification of the materials and artistic technique as well as the alteration mechanisms due to the natural aging and the adverse conditions of conservation. As a novelty, this study has confirmed the use of indigo as a blue pigment, an unusual material in Hispano-Muslim panel painting. Apart from the notable change in the visual appearance observed in the paintings, the study has also confirmed a change in the mechanical resistance in the paint layers. These changes have been induced by the combination of the chemical and microbiological alteration mechanisms identified.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1235Hispano-Muslim artpanel paintingindigopanel painting alterationmetal soapcalcium oxalate |
| spellingShingle | Carla Álvarez-Romero Ana García-Bueno Teresa López-Martínez Rafael Turatti-Guerrero Noemí Montoya María Teresa Doménech-Carbó New Insights into the Medieval Hispano-Muslim Panel Painting: The <i>Alfarje</i> Found in a Balearic <i>Casal</i> (Spain) Molecules Hispano-Muslim art panel painting indigo panel painting alteration metal soap calcium oxalate |
| title | New Insights into the Medieval Hispano-Muslim Panel Painting: The <i>Alfarje</i> Found in a Balearic <i>Casal</i> (Spain) |
| title_full | New Insights into the Medieval Hispano-Muslim Panel Painting: The <i>Alfarje</i> Found in a Balearic <i>Casal</i> (Spain) |
| title_fullStr | New Insights into the Medieval Hispano-Muslim Panel Painting: The <i>Alfarje</i> Found in a Balearic <i>Casal</i> (Spain) |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Insights into the Medieval Hispano-Muslim Panel Painting: The <i>Alfarje</i> Found in a Balearic <i>Casal</i> (Spain) |
| title_short | New Insights into the Medieval Hispano-Muslim Panel Painting: The <i>Alfarje</i> Found in a Balearic <i>Casal</i> (Spain) |
| title_sort | new insights into the medieval hispano muslim panel painting the i alfarje i found in a balearic i casal i spain |
| topic | Hispano-Muslim art panel painting indigo panel painting alteration metal soap calcium oxalate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1235 |
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