Metabolomic Changes as Key Factors of Green Plant Regeneration Efficiency of Triticale In Vitro Anther Culture
Green plant regeneration efficiency (GPRE) via in vitro anther culture results from biochemical pathways and cycle dysfunctions that may affect DNA and histone methylation, with gene expression influencing whole cell functioning. The reprogramming from gametophytic to sporophytic fate is part of the...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| author | Renata Orłowska Jacek Zebrowski Wioletta Monika Dynkowska Piotr Androsiuk Piotr Tomasz Bednarek |
| author_facet | Renata Orłowska Jacek Zebrowski Wioletta Monika Dynkowska Piotr Androsiuk Piotr Tomasz Bednarek |
| author_sort | Renata Orłowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Green plant regeneration efficiency (GPRE) via in vitro anther culture results from biochemical pathways and cycle dysfunctions that may affect DNA and histone methylation, with gene expression influencing whole cell functioning. The reprogramming from gametophytic to sporophytic fate is part of the phenomenon. While DNA methylation and sequence changes related to the GPRE have been described, little attention was paid to the biochemical aspects of the phenomenon. Furthermore, only a few theoretical models that describe the complex relationships between biochemical aspects of GPRE and the role of Cu(II) ions in the induction medium and as cofactors of enzymatic reactions have been developed. Still, none of these models are devoted directly to the biochemical level. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used in the current study to analyze triticale regenerants derived under various in vitro tissue culture conditions, including different Cu(II) and Ag(I) ion concentrations in the induction medium and anther culture times. The FTIR spectra of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), glutathione, and pectins in parallel with the Cu(II) ions, as well as the evaluated GPRE values, were put into the structural equation model (SEM). The data demonstrate the relationships between SAM, glutathione, pectins, and Cu(II) in the induction medium and how they affect GPRE. The SEM reflects the cell functioning under in vitro conditions and varying Cu(II) concentrations. In the presented model, the players are the Krebs and Yang cycles, the transsulfuration pathway controlled by Cu(II) ions acting as cofactors of enzymatic reactions, and the pectins of the primary cell wall. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:04:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-13270ea7d8924c50822ee6aaaf3ce7d3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:04:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-13270ea7d8924c50822ee6aaaf3ce7d32023-11-16T15:06:56ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-12-0112116310.3390/cells12010163Metabolomic Changes as Key Factors of Green Plant Regeneration Efficiency of Triticale In Vitro Anther CultureRenata Orłowska0Jacek Zebrowski1Wioletta Monika Dynkowska2Piotr Androsiuk3Piotr Tomasz Bednarek4Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, PolandInstitute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Al. Rejtana 16c, 35-959 Rzeszow, PolandPlant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, PolandDepartment of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandPlant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, PolandGreen plant regeneration efficiency (GPRE) via in vitro anther culture results from biochemical pathways and cycle dysfunctions that may affect DNA and histone methylation, with gene expression influencing whole cell functioning. The reprogramming from gametophytic to sporophytic fate is part of the phenomenon. While DNA methylation and sequence changes related to the GPRE have been described, little attention was paid to the biochemical aspects of the phenomenon. Furthermore, only a few theoretical models that describe the complex relationships between biochemical aspects of GPRE and the role of Cu(II) ions in the induction medium and as cofactors of enzymatic reactions have been developed. Still, none of these models are devoted directly to the biochemical level. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used in the current study to analyze triticale regenerants derived under various in vitro tissue culture conditions, including different Cu(II) and Ag(I) ion concentrations in the induction medium and anther culture times. The FTIR spectra of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), glutathione, and pectins in parallel with the Cu(II) ions, as well as the evaluated GPRE values, were put into the structural equation model (SEM). The data demonstrate the relationships between SAM, glutathione, pectins, and Cu(II) in the induction medium and how they affect GPRE. The SEM reflects the cell functioning under in vitro conditions and varying Cu(II) concentrations. In the presented model, the players are the Krebs and Yang cycles, the transsulfuration pathway controlled by Cu(II) ions acting as cofactors of enzymatic reactions, and the pectins of the primary cell wall.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/1/163androgenesisβ-glucans/pectinscopperglutathioneS-adenosyl-L-methionineregeneration efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Renata Orłowska Jacek Zebrowski Wioletta Monika Dynkowska Piotr Androsiuk Piotr Tomasz Bednarek Metabolomic Changes as Key Factors of Green Plant Regeneration Efficiency of Triticale In Vitro Anther Culture Cells androgenesis β-glucans/pectins copper glutathione S-adenosyl-L-methionine regeneration efficiency |
| title | Metabolomic Changes as Key Factors of Green Plant Regeneration Efficiency of Triticale In Vitro Anther Culture |
| title_full | Metabolomic Changes as Key Factors of Green Plant Regeneration Efficiency of Triticale In Vitro Anther Culture |
| title_fullStr | Metabolomic Changes as Key Factors of Green Plant Regeneration Efficiency of Triticale In Vitro Anther Culture |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolomic Changes as Key Factors of Green Plant Regeneration Efficiency of Triticale In Vitro Anther Culture |
| title_short | Metabolomic Changes as Key Factors of Green Plant Regeneration Efficiency of Triticale In Vitro Anther Culture |
| title_sort | metabolomic changes as key factors of green plant regeneration efficiency of triticale in vitro anther culture |
| topic | androgenesis β-glucans/pectins copper glutathione S-adenosyl-L-methionine regeneration efficiency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/1/163 |
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