The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Well-Being of Caregivers of People with Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on the psychological well-being of caregivers of people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (PwD/MCI). Electronic databases were searched from inception to August 2022 for observational studies investiga...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Geriatrics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3417/8/5/97 |
| _version_ | 1797573741997195264 |
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| author | Pinar Soysal Nicola Veronese Lee Smith Yaohua Chen Burcu Akpinar Soylemez Alessandra Coin Dorota Religa Tarja Välimäki Mariana Alves Susan D. Shenkin |
| author_facet | Pinar Soysal Nicola Veronese Lee Smith Yaohua Chen Burcu Akpinar Soylemez Alessandra Coin Dorota Religa Tarja Välimäki Mariana Alves Susan D. Shenkin |
| author_sort | Pinar Soysal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on the psychological well-being of caregivers of people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (PwD/MCI). Electronic databases were searched from inception to August 2022 for observational studies investigating the COVID-19 lockdown and psychological well-being of caregivers of PwD/MCI. Summary estimates of standardized mean differences (SMD) in psychological well-being scores pre- versus during COVID-19 were calculated using a random-effects model. Fifteen studies including 1702 caregivers (65.7% female, mean age 60.40 ± 12.9 years) with PwD/MCI were evaluated. Five studies found no change in psychological well-being parameters, including depression, anxiety, distress, caregiver burden, and quality of life. Ten studies found a worsening in at least one parameter: depression (six studies, <i>n</i> = 1368; SMD = 0.40; 95%CI: 0.09–0.71; <i>p</i> = 0.01, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 86.8%), anxiety (seven studies, <i>n</i> = 1569; SMD = 1.35; 95%CI: 0.05–2.65; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 99.2%), caregiver distress (six studies, <i>n</i> = 1320, SMD = 3.190; 95%CI: 1.42–4.95; <i>p</i> < 0.0001; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 99.4%), and caregiver burden (four studies, <i>n</i> = 852, SMD = 0.34; 95%CI: 0.13–0.56; <i>p</i> = 0.001; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 54.1%) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There was an increase in depression, anxiety, caregiver burden, and distress in caregivers of PwD/MCI during the lockdown in the COVID pandemic. This could have longer term consequences, and it is essential that caregivers’ psychological well-being is assessed and supported, to benefit both themselves and those for whom they care. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:13:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1332ed94ac144c609ae712fea13d105e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2308-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:13:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geriatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-1332ed94ac144c609ae712fea13d105e2023-11-19T16:36:48ZengMDPI AGGeriatrics2308-34172023-09-01859710.3390/geriatrics8050097The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Well-Being of Caregivers of People with Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisPinar Soysal0Nicola Veronese1Lee Smith2Yaohua Chen3Burcu Akpinar Soylemez4Alessandra Coin5Dorota Religa6Tarja Välimäki7Mariana Alves8Susan D. Shenkin9Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul 34093, TurkeyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, ItalyCentre for Health Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UKDepartment of Geriatrics, Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, FranceDepartment of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35210, TurkeyGeriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, ItalyDivision for Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institute, 14152 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Nursing Science, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, FinlandServiço de Medicina III, Hospital Pulido Valente, CHLN, Alameda das Linhas de Torres, 117, 1769-001 Lisbon, PortugalAgeing and Health Research Group, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UKThe aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on the psychological well-being of caregivers of people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (PwD/MCI). Electronic databases were searched from inception to August 2022 for observational studies investigating the COVID-19 lockdown and psychological well-being of caregivers of PwD/MCI. Summary estimates of standardized mean differences (SMD) in psychological well-being scores pre- versus during COVID-19 were calculated using a random-effects model. Fifteen studies including 1702 caregivers (65.7% female, mean age 60.40 ± 12.9 years) with PwD/MCI were evaluated. Five studies found no change in psychological well-being parameters, including depression, anxiety, distress, caregiver burden, and quality of life. Ten studies found a worsening in at least one parameter: depression (six studies, <i>n</i> = 1368; SMD = 0.40; 95%CI: 0.09–0.71; <i>p</i> = 0.01, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 86.8%), anxiety (seven studies, <i>n</i> = 1569; SMD = 1.35; 95%CI: 0.05–2.65; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 99.2%), caregiver distress (six studies, <i>n</i> = 1320, SMD = 3.190; 95%CI: 1.42–4.95; <i>p</i> < 0.0001; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 99.4%), and caregiver burden (four studies, <i>n</i> = 852, SMD = 0.34; 95%CI: 0.13–0.56; <i>p</i> = 0.001; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 54.1%) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There was an increase in depression, anxiety, caregiver burden, and distress in caregivers of PwD/MCI during the lockdown in the COVID pandemic. This could have longer term consequences, and it is essential that caregivers’ psychological well-being is assessed and supported, to benefit both themselves and those for whom they care.https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3417/8/5/97COVID-19psychological well-beingcaregiversdementiasystematic reviewmeta-analysis |
| spellingShingle | Pinar Soysal Nicola Veronese Lee Smith Yaohua Chen Burcu Akpinar Soylemez Alessandra Coin Dorota Religa Tarja Välimäki Mariana Alves Susan D. Shenkin The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Well-Being of Caregivers of People with Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Geriatrics COVID-19 psychological well-being caregivers dementia systematic review meta-analysis |
| title | The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Well-Being of Caregivers of People with Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Well-Being of Caregivers of People with Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Well-Being of Caregivers of People with Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Well-Being of Caregivers of People with Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Well-Being of Caregivers of People with Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | impact of the covid 19 pandemic on the psychological well being of caregivers of people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | COVID-19 psychological well-being caregivers dementia systematic review meta-analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3417/8/5/97 |
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