<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> Genotypic Diversity and Disease Outcome among HIV Patients in Africa
Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, a disease with poor patient outcomes, remains the most prevalent invasive fungal infection worldwide, accounting for approximately 180,000 deaths each year. In several areas of sub-Saharan Africa with the highest HIV prevalence, cryptococcal meningitis is the leadin...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/7/734 |
| _version_ | 1797405879449944064 |
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| author | Kennedy Kassaza Fredrickson Wasswa Kirsten Nielsen Joel Bazira |
| author_facet | Kennedy Kassaza Fredrickson Wasswa Kirsten Nielsen Joel Bazira |
| author_sort | Kennedy Kassaza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, a disease with poor patient outcomes, remains the most prevalent invasive fungal infection worldwide, accounting for approximately 180,000 deaths each year. In several areas of sub-Saharan Africa with the highest HIV prevalence, cryptococcal meningitis is the leading cause of community-acquired meningitis, with a high mortality among HIV-infected individuals. Recent studies show that patient disease outcomes are impacted by the genetics of the infecting isolate. Yet, there is still limited knowledge of how these genotypic variations contribute to clinical disease outcome. Further, it is unclear how the genetic heterogeneity of <i>C. neoformans</i> and the extensive phenotypic variation observed between and within isolates affects infection and disease. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of how various genotypes impact disease progression and patient outcome in HIV-positive populations in sub-Saharan African, a setting with a high burden of cryptococcosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:17:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-13352195ad5746f38c682c4f3a38c30f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:17:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-13352195ad5746f38c682c4f3a38c30f2023-12-03T15:15:58ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2022-07-018773410.3390/jof8070734<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> Genotypic Diversity and Disease Outcome among HIV Patients in AfricaKennedy Kassaza0Fredrickson Wasswa1Kirsten Nielsen2Joel Bazira3Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara P.O. Box 1410, UgandaDepartment of Microbiology and Parasitology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara P.O. Box 1410, UgandaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USADepartment of Microbiology and Parasitology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara P.O. Box 1410, UgandaCryptococcal meningoencephalitis, a disease with poor patient outcomes, remains the most prevalent invasive fungal infection worldwide, accounting for approximately 180,000 deaths each year. In several areas of sub-Saharan Africa with the highest HIV prevalence, cryptococcal meningitis is the leading cause of community-acquired meningitis, with a high mortality among HIV-infected individuals. Recent studies show that patient disease outcomes are impacted by the genetics of the infecting isolate. Yet, there is still limited knowledge of how these genotypic variations contribute to clinical disease outcome. Further, it is unclear how the genetic heterogeneity of <i>C. neoformans</i> and the extensive phenotypic variation observed between and within isolates affects infection and disease. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of how various genotypes impact disease progression and patient outcome in HIV-positive populations in sub-Saharan African, a setting with a high burden of cryptococcosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/7/734<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>genetic diversityfungal diseasecryptococcosiscryptococcal meningitisHIV-associated |
| spellingShingle | Kennedy Kassaza Fredrickson Wasswa Kirsten Nielsen Joel Bazira <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> Genotypic Diversity and Disease Outcome among HIV Patients in Africa Journal of Fungi <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> genetic diversity fungal disease cryptococcosis cryptococcal meningitis HIV-associated |
| title | <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> Genotypic Diversity and Disease Outcome among HIV Patients in Africa |
| title_full | <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> Genotypic Diversity and Disease Outcome among HIV Patients in Africa |
| title_fullStr | <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> Genotypic Diversity and Disease Outcome among HIV Patients in Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> Genotypic Diversity and Disease Outcome among HIV Patients in Africa |
| title_short | <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> Genotypic Diversity and Disease Outcome among HIV Patients in Africa |
| title_sort | i cryptococcus neoformans i genotypic diversity and disease outcome among hiv patients in africa |
| topic | <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> genetic diversity fungal disease cryptococcosis cryptococcal meningitis HIV-associated |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/7/734 |
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