Feeding-Regime-Dependent Intestinal Response of Rainbow Trout after Administration of a Novel Probiotic Feed
Intensive fish farming is associated with a high level of stress, causing immunosuppression. Immunomodulators of natural origin, such as probiotics or phytoadditives, represent a promising alternative for increasing the immune function of fish. In this study, we tested the autochthonous trout probio...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-06-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/12/1892 |
| _version_ | 1827738887094534144 |
|---|---|
| author | Marek Ratvaj Ivana Cingeľová Maruščáková Peter Popelka Adriána Fečkaninová Jana Koščová Natália Chomová Jan Mareš Ondřej Malý Rudolf Žitňan Martin Faldyna Dagmar Mudroňová |
| author_facet | Marek Ratvaj Ivana Cingeľová Maruščáková Peter Popelka Adriána Fečkaninová Jana Koščová Natália Chomová Jan Mareš Ondřej Malý Rudolf Žitňan Martin Faldyna Dagmar Mudroňová |
| author_sort | Marek Ratvaj |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Intensive fish farming is associated with a high level of stress, causing immunosuppression. Immunomodulators of natural origin, such as probiotics or phytoadditives, represent a promising alternative for increasing the immune function of fish. In this study, we tested the autochthonous trout probiotic strain <i>L. plantarum</i> R2 in a newly developed, low-cost application form ensuring the rapid revitalization of bacteria. We tested continuous and cyclic feeding regimes with regard to their effect on the intestinal immune response and microbiota of rainbow trout. We found that during the continuous application of probiotic feed, the immune system adapts to the immunomodulator and there is no substantial stimulation of the intestinal immune response. During the cyclic treatment, after a 3-week break in probiotic feeding and the reintroduction of probiotics, there was a significant stimulation of the gene expression of molecules associated with both cellular and humoral immunity (CD8, TGF-β, IL8, TLR9), without affecting the gene expression for IL1 and TNF-α. We can conclude that, in aquaculture, this probiotic feed can be used with a continuous application, which does not cause excessive immunostimulation, or with a cyclic application, which provides the opportunity to stimulate the immunity of trout, for example, in periods of stress. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:51:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-133d9f74e6d143c2bb7845479ed62201 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:51:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-133d9f74e6d143c2bb7845479ed622012023-11-18T08:57:46ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-06-011312189210.3390/ani13121892Feeding-Regime-Dependent Intestinal Response of Rainbow Trout after Administration of a Novel Probiotic FeedMarek Ratvaj0Ivana Cingeľová Maruščáková1Peter Popelka2Adriána Fečkaninová3Jana Koščová4Natália Chomová5Jan Mareš6Ondřej Malý7Rudolf Žitňan8Martin Faldyna9Dagmar Mudroňová10Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, SlovakiaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, SlovakiaDepartment of Food Hygiene, Technology, and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, SlovakiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, SlovakiaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, SlovakiaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, SlovakiaDepartment of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Mendel University, 61300 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Mendel University, 61300 Brno, Czech RepublicResearch Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Center, 95141 Lužianky, SlovakiaVeterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, SlovakiaIntensive fish farming is associated with a high level of stress, causing immunosuppression. Immunomodulators of natural origin, such as probiotics or phytoadditives, represent a promising alternative for increasing the immune function of fish. In this study, we tested the autochthonous trout probiotic strain <i>L. plantarum</i> R2 in a newly developed, low-cost application form ensuring the rapid revitalization of bacteria. We tested continuous and cyclic feeding regimes with regard to their effect on the intestinal immune response and microbiota of rainbow trout. We found that during the continuous application of probiotic feed, the immune system adapts to the immunomodulator and there is no substantial stimulation of the intestinal immune response. During the cyclic treatment, after a 3-week break in probiotic feeding and the reintroduction of probiotics, there was a significant stimulation of the gene expression of molecules associated with both cellular and humoral immunity (CD8, TGF-β, IL8, TLR9), without affecting the gene expression for IL1 and TNF-α. We can conclude that, in aquaculture, this probiotic feed can be used with a continuous application, which does not cause excessive immunostimulation, or with a cyclic application, which provides the opportunity to stimulate the immunity of trout, for example, in periods of stress.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/12/1892salmonidprobiotic feedintestinal immune answergut microbiota |
| spellingShingle | Marek Ratvaj Ivana Cingeľová Maruščáková Peter Popelka Adriána Fečkaninová Jana Koščová Natália Chomová Jan Mareš Ondřej Malý Rudolf Žitňan Martin Faldyna Dagmar Mudroňová Feeding-Regime-Dependent Intestinal Response of Rainbow Trout after Administration of a Novel Probiotic Feed Animals salmonid probiotic feed intestinal immune answer gut microbiota |
| title | Feeding-Regime-Dependent Intestinal Response of Rainbow Trout after Administration of a Novel Probiotic Feed |
| title_full | Feeding-Regime-Dependent Intestinal Response of Rainbow Trout after Administration of a Novel Probiotic Feed |
| title_fullStr | Feeding-Regime-Dependent Intestinal Response of Rainbow Trout after Administration of a Novel Probiotic Feed |
| title_full_unstemmed | Feeding-Regime-Dependent Intestinal Response of Rainbow Trout after Administration of a Novel Probiotic Feed |
| title_short | Feeding-Regime-Dependent Intestinal Response of Rainbow Trout after Administration of a Novel Probiotic Feed |
| title_sort | feeding regime dependent intestinal response of rainbow trout after administration of a novel probiotic feed |
| topic | salmonid probiotic feed intestinal immune answer gut microbiota |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/12/1892 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marekratvaj feedingregimedependentintestinalresponseofrainbowtroutafteradministrationofanovelprobioticfeed AT ivanacingelovamaruscakova feedingregimedependentintestinalresponseofrainbowtroutafteradministrationofanovelprobioticfeed AT peterpopelka feedingregimedependentintestinalresponseofrainbowtroutafteradministrationofanovelprobioticfeed AT adrianafeckaninova feedingregimedependentintestinalresponseofrainbowtroutafteradministrationofanovelprobioticfeed AT janakoscova feedingregimedependentintestinalresponseofrainbowtroutafteradministrationofanovelprobioticfeed AT nataliachomova feedingregimedependentintestinalresponseofrainbowtroutafteradministrationofanovelprobioticfeed AT janmares feedingregimedependentintestinalresponseofrainbowtroutafteradministrationofanovelprobioticfeed AT ondrejmaly feedingregimedependentintestinalresponseofrainbowtroutafteradministrationofanovelprobioticfeed AT rudolfzitnan feedingregimedependentintestinalresponseofrainbowtroutafteradministrationofanovelprobioticfeed AT martinfaldyna feedingregimedependentintestinalresponseofrainbowtroutafteradministrationofanovelprobioticfeed AT dagmarmudronova feedingregimedependentintestinalresponseofrainbowtroutafteradministrationofanovelprobioticfeed |