Temperature-induced changes in egg white antimicrobial concentrations during pre-incubation do not influence bacterial trans-shell penetration but do affect hatchling phenotype in Mallards
Microbiome formation and assemblage are essential processes influencing proper embryonal and early-life development in neonates. In birds, transmission of microbes from the outer environment into the egg’s interior has been found to shape embryo viability and hatchling phenotype. However, microbial...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
PeerJ Inc.
2021-11-01
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| Series: | PeerJ |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/12401.pdf |