Salient features of circulating respiratory viruses in the pre- and pandemic influenza and COVID-19 seasons

A wide variety of zoonotic viruses that can cross the interspecies barrier promote the emergence of new, potentially pandemic viruses in the human population that is often accompanied by the disappearance of existing circulating strains. Among the various reasons underlying this phenomenon is the st...

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Main Authors: I. V. Kiseleva, N. V. Larionova, E. P. Grigorieva, A. D. Ksenafontov, M. Al Farroukh, L. G. Rudenko
Format: Article
Language:Russian
Published: Sankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pastera 2022-01-01
Series:Инфекция и иммунитет
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1662
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author I. V. Kiseleva
N. V. Larionova
E. P. Grigorieva
A. D. Ksenafontov
M. Al Farroukh
L. G. Rudenko
author_facet I. V. Kiseleva
N. V. Larionova
E. P. Grigorieva
A. D. Ksenafontov
M. Al Farroukh
L. G. Rudenko
author_sort I. V. Kiseleva
collection DOAJ
description A wide variety of zoonotic viruses that can cross the interspecies barrier promote the emergence of new, potentially pandemic viruses in the human population that is often accompanied by the disappearance of existing circulating strains. Among the various reasons underlying this phenomenon is the strengthening of herd immunity by expanding the immune layer of population and improving means and methods of medical care. However, natura abhorret vacuum, and new pathogens come to replace disappearing ones. Over the past ten years, humanity has faced two pandemics: swine flu A(H1N1)pdm09 in 2009 and COVID-19 in 2019, providing scientists with a unique opportunity to learn more about a relationship between respiratory viruses and their pathogenesis. Together with viruses of pandemic significance, a large number of seasonal respiratory viruses circulate, which contribute to the structure of human morbidity, and coinfections aggravate the condition of the illness. In the conditions of the spread of new viruses with unexplored characteristics, in the absence of means of prevention and therapy, it is especially important to prevent the aggravation of morbidity due to mixed infections. Here we review the mutual involvement of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and seasonal respiratory viruses in the epidemic process, discuss some issues related to their spread, potential causes affecting the spread and severity of the morbidity. The given facts testify to the existence of seasonality and temporal patterns of the beginning and end of respiratory viruses circulation. Interestingly, the beginning of circulation of the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus led to a shift in the timing and intensity of circulation of some respiratory viruses, which is probably caused by existence of “replication conflicts” between them, and did not affect others. Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2-19 and other respiratory viruses, especially respiratory syncytial virus and rhinoviruses, was quite often observed. At the current stage, no aggravating effect of influenza on the course of COVID-19 in mixed infection has been established. Whether this is due to the mild course of influenza infection in the 2020 epidemic season, or the competitive impact of SARS-CoV-2 on influenza viruses is not yet clear. Experts are still at the stage of accumulating facts and working on creating means of effective prevention and treatment of the new coronavirus infection.
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spelling doaj.art-1353b09d6f764235881c67d5a68df5162023-01-02T06:40:31ZrusSankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni PasteraИнфекция и иммунитет2220-76192313-73982022-01-011161009101910.15789/2220-7619-SFO-16621033Salient features of circulating respiratory viruses in the pre- and pandemic influenza and COVID-19 seasonsI. V. Kiseleva0N. V. Larionova1E. P. Grigorieva2A. D. Ksenafontov3M. Al Farroukh4L. G. Rudenko5Institute of Experimental Medicine; St. Petersburg State UniversityInstitute of Experimental MedicineInstitute of Experimental MedicineSmorodintsev Research Institute of InfluenzaInstitute of Experimental MedicineInstitute of Experimental MedicineA wide variety of zoonotic viruses that can cross the interspecies barrier promote the emergence of new, potentially pandemic viruses in the human population that is often accompanied by the disappearance of existing circulating strains. Among the various reasons underlying this phenomenon is the strengthening of herd immunity by expanding the immune layer of population and improving means and methods of medical care. However, natura abhorret vacuum, and new pathogens come to replace disappearing ones. Over the past ten years, humanity has faced two pandemics: swine flu A(H1N1)pdm09 in 2009 and COVID-19 in 2019, providing scientists with a unique opportunity to learn more about a relationship between respiratory viruses and their pathogenesis. Together with viruses of pandemic significance, a large number of seasonal respiratory viruses circulate, which contribute to the structure of human morbidity, and coinfections aggravate the condition of the illness. In the conditions of the spread of new viruses with unexplored characteristics, in the absence of means of prevention and therapy, it is especially important to prevent the aggravation of morbidity due to mixed infections. Here we review the mutual involvement of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and seasonal respiratory viruses in the epidemic process, discuss some issues related to their spread, potential causes affecting the spread and severity of the morbidity. The given facts testify to the existence of seasonality and temporal patterns of the beginning and end of respiratory viruses circulation. Interestingly, the beginning of circulation of the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus led to a shift in the timing and intensity of circulation of some respiratory viruses, which is probably caused by existence of “replication conflicts” between them, and did not affect others. Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2-19 and other respiratory viruses, especially respiratory syncytial virus and rhinoviruses, was quite often observed. At the current stage, no aggravating effect of influenza on the course of COVID-19 in mixed infection has been established. Whether this is due to the mild course of influenza infection in the 2020 epidemic season, or the competitive impact of SARS-CoV-2 on influenza viruses is not yet clear. Experts are still at the stage of accumulating facts and working on creating means of effective prevention and treatment of the new coronavirus infection.https://www.iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1662epidemicsinterpandemic periodpandemicspandemic periodacute respiratory viral infectionsinfluenzasars-cov-2covid-19
spellingShingle I. V. Kiseleva
N. V. Larionova
E. P. Grigorieva
A. D. Ksenafontov
M. Al Farroukh
L. G. Rudenko
Salient features of circulating respiratory viruses in the pre- and pandemic influenza and COVID-19 seasons
Инфекция и иммунитет
epidemics
interpandemic period
pandemics
pandemic period
acute respiratory viral infections
influenza
sars-cov-2
covid-19
title Salient features of circulating respiratory viruses in the pre- and pandemic influenza and COVID-19 seasons
title_full Salient features of circulating respiratory viruses in the pre- and pandemic influenza and COVID-19 seasons
title_fullStr Salient features of circulating respiratory viruses in the pre- and pandemic influenza and COVID-19 seasons
title_full_unstemmed Salient features of circulating respiratory viruses in the pre- and pandemic influenza and COVID-19 seasons
title_short Salient features of circulating respiratory viruses in the pre- and pandemic influenza and COVID-19 seasons
title_sort salient features of circulating respiratory viruses in the pre and pandemic influenza and covid 19 seasons
topic epidemics
interpandemic period
pandemics
pandemic period
acute respiratory viral infections
influenza
sars-cov-2
covid-19
url https://www.iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1662
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AT adksenafontov salientfeaturesofcirculatingrespiratoryvirusesinthepreandpandemicinfluenzaandcovid19seasons
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