Three Visual–Diagnostic Methods for the Detection of Enamel Cracks: An In Vitro Study
Tooth fractures are a common cause of tooth loss, frequently starting as enamel cracks. However, methods for the detection of enamel cracks are poorly investigated. The aim of the study was the validation of three clinical methods for the detection of enamel cracks: dental operating microscope (DOM)...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/3/973 |
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| author | Tim Hausdörfer Lisa Harms Philipp Kanzow Michael Hülsmann |
| author_facet | Tim Hausdörfer Lisa Harms Philipp Kanzow Michael Hülsmann |
| author_sort | Tim Hausdörfer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tooth fractures are a common cause of tooth loss, frequently starting as enamel cracks. However, methods for the detection of enamel cracks are poorly investigated. The aim of the study was the validation of three clinical methods for the detection of enamel cracks: dental operating microscope (DOM), near-infrared transillumination (NIR), and fiber-optic transillumination (FOTI), with hard-tissue slices serving as controls. A total of 89 extracted teeth, set up as diagnostic models, were investigated, and the maximum crack depth was scored by two examiners. The actual crack depth was determined microscopically (25×) using horizontal sections. The accuracy of each method was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Across all tooth surfaces, the area under the curve (AUC) amounted to 0.57 (DOM), 0.70 (FOTI), and 0.67 (NIR). For crack detection on vestibular/oral surfaces, the AUC was 0.61 (DOM), 0.78 (FOTI), and 0.74 (NIR); for proximal surfaces, it was 0.59 (DOM), 0.65 (FOTI), and 0.67 (NIR). However, the actual crack depth was underestimated with each method (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Under in vitro conditions, FOTI and NIR are suitable for detection of enamel cracks, especially on vestibular and oral tooth surfaces. However, an exact estimation of crack depth is not possible. Therefore, FOTI and NIR seem to be helpful for the clinical detection of enamel cracks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:37:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1354f5ab42294d0cb19a874f50f8c903 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:37:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-1354f5ab42294d0cb19a874f50f8c9032023-11-16T17:09:52ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-01-0112397310.3390/jcm12030973Three Visual–Diagnostic Methods for the Detection of Enamel Cracks: An In Vitro StudyTim Hausdörfer0Lisa Harms1Philipp Kanzow2Michael Hülsmann3Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, GermanyDepartment of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, GermanyDepartment of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, GermanyClinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8032 Zurich, SwitzerlandTooth fractures are a common cause of tooth loss, frequently starting as enamel cracks. However, methods for the detection of enamel cracks are poorly investigated. The aim of the study was the validation of three clinical methods for the detection of enamel cracks: dental operating microscope (DOM), near-infrared transillumination (NIR), and fiber-optic transillumination (FOTI), with hard-tissue slices serving as controls. A total of 89 extracted teeth, set up as diagnostic models, were investigated, and the maximum crack depth was scored by two examiners. The actual crack depth was determined microscopically (25×) using horizontal sections. The accuracy of each method was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Across all tooth surfaces, the area under the curve (AUC) amounted to 0.57 (DOM), 0.70 (FOTI), and 0.67 (NIR). For crack detection on vestibular/oral surfaces, the AUC was 0.61 (DOM), 0.78 (FOTI), and 0.74 (NIR); for proximal surfaces, it was 0.59 (DOM), 0.65 (FOTI), and 0.67 (NIR). However, the actual crack depth was underestimated with each method (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Under in vitro conditions, FOTI and NIR are suitable for detection of enamel cracks, especially on vestibular and oral tooth surfaces. However, an exact estimation of crack depth is not possible. Therefore, FOTI and NIR seem to be helpful for the clinical detection of enamel cracks.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/3/973cracked tooth syndrometooth fracturesdiagnostic errorsdental operating microscopeenamel crackfiber-optic transillumination |
| spellingShingle | Tim Hausdörfer Lisa Harms Philipp Kanzow Michael Hülsmann Three Visual–Diagnostic Methods for the Detection of Enamel Cracks: An In Vitro Study Journal of Clinical Medicine cracked tooth syndrome tooth fractures diagnostic errors dental operating microscope enamel crack fiber-optic transillumination |
| title | Three Visual–Diagnostic Methods for the Detection of Enamel Cracks: An In Vitro Study |
| title_full | Three Visual–Diagnostic Methods for the Detection of Enamel Cracks: An In Vitro Study |
| title_fullStr | Three Visual–Diagnostic Methods for the Detection of Enamel Cracks: An In Vitro Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Three Visual–Diagnostic Methods for the Detection of Enamel Cracks: An In Vitro Study |
| title_short | Three Visual–Diagnostic Methods for the Detection of Enamel Cracks: An In Vitro Study |
| title_sort | three visual diagnostic methods for the detection of enamel cracks an in vitro study |
| topic | cracked tooth syndrome tooth fractures diagnostic errors dental operating microscope enamel crack fiber-optic transillumination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/3/973 |
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