Direct and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine Using Carbon Quantum Dots Based Refractive Index Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor
Abnormality of dopamine (DA), a vital neurotransmitter in the brain’s neuronal pathways, causes several neurological diseases. Rapid and sensitive sensors for DA detection are required for early diagnosis of such disorders. Herein, a carbon quantum dot (CQD)-based refractive index surface plasmon re...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/11/1799 |
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| author | Faten Bashar Kamal Eddin Yap Wing Fen Nurul Illya Muhamad Fauzi Wan Mohd Ebtisyam Mustaqim Mohd Daniyal Nur Alia Sheh Omar Muhammad Fahmi Anuar Hazwani Suhaila Hashim Amir Reza Sadrolhosseini Huda Abdullah |
| author_facet | Faten Bashar Kamal Eddin Yap Wing Fen Nurul Illya Muhamad Fauzi Wan Mohd Ebtisyam Mustaqim Mohd Daniyal Nur Alia Sheh Omar Muhammad Fahmi Anuar Hazwani Suhaila Hashim Amir Reza Sadrolhosseini Huda Abdullah |
| author_sort | Faten Bashar Kamal Eddin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abnormality of dopamine (DA), a vital neurotransmitter in the brain’s neuronal pathways, causes several neurological diseases. Rapid and sensitive sensors for DA detection are required for early diagnosis of such disorders. Herein, a carbon quantum dot (CQD)-based refractive index surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor was designed. The sensor performance was evaluated for various concentrations of DA. Increasing DA levels yielded blue-shifted SPR dips. The experimental findings revealed an excellent sensitivity response of 0.138°/pM in a linear range from 0.001 to 100 pM and a high binding affinity of 6.234 TM<sup>−1</sup>. The effects of varied concentrations of DA on the optical characteristics of CQD thin film were further proved theoretically. Increased DA levels decreased the thickness and real part of the refractive index of CQD film, according to fitting results. Furthermore, the observed reduction in surface roughness using AFM demonstrated that DA was bound to the sensor layer. This, in turn, explained the blue shift in SPR reflectance curves. This optical sensor offers great potential as a trustworthy solution for direct measurement due to its simple construction, high sensitivity, and other sensing features. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:02:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1360c4a02b8d4202a70583bd86134daf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:02:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-1360c4a02b8d4202a70583bd86134daf2023-11-23T14:32:28ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-05-011211179910.3390/nano12111799Direct and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine Using Carbon Quantum Dots Based Refractive Index Surface Plasmon Resonance SensorFaten Bashar Kamal Eddin0Yap Wing Fen1Nurul Illya Muhamad Fauzi2Wan Mohd Ebtisyam Mustaqim Mohd Daniyal3Nur Alia Sheh Omar4Muhammad Fahmi Anuar5Hazwani Suhaila Hashim6Amir Reza Sadrolhosseini7Huda Abdullah8Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaFunctional Nanotechnology Devices Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaFunctional Nanotechnology Devices Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaFunctional Nanotechnology Devices Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaMagneto-Plasmonic Laboratory, Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, IranDepartment of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaAbnormality of dopamine (DA), a vital neurotransmitter in the brain’s neuronal pathways, causes several neurological diseases. Rapid and sensitive sensors for DA detection are required for early diagnosis of such disorders. Herein, a carbon quantum dot (CQD)-based refractive index surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor was designed. The sensor performance was evaluated for various concentrations of DA. Increasing DA levels yielded blue-shifted SPR dips. The experimental findings revealed an excellent sensitivity response of 0.138°/pM in a linear range from 0.001 to 100 pM and a high binding affinity of 6.234 TM<sup>−1</sup>. The effects of varied concentrations of DA on the optical characteristics of CQD thin film were further proved theoretically. Increased DA levels decreased the thickness and real part of the refractive index of CQD film, according to fitting results. Furthermore, the observed reduction in surface roughness using AFM demonstrated that DA was bound to the sensor layer. This, in turn, explained the blue shift in SPR reflectance curves. This optical sensor offers great potential as a trustworthy solution for direct measurement due to its simple construction, high sensitivity, and other sensing features.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/11/1799dopamineneurotransmitterssurface plasmon resonanceoptical sensorcarbon quantum dotsrefractive index sensor |
| spellingShingle | Faten Bashar Kamal Eddin Yap Wing Fen Nurul Illya Muhamad Fauzi Wan Mohd Ebtisyam Mustaqim Mohd Daniyal Nur Alia Sheh Omar Muhammad Fahmi Anuar Hazwani Suhaila Hashim Amir Reza Sadrolhosseini Huda Abdullah Direct and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine Using Carbon Quantum Dots Based Refractive Index Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Nanomaterials dopamine neurotransmitters surface plasmon resonance optical sensor carbon quantum dots refractive index sensor |
| title | Direct and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine Using Carbon Quantum Dots Based Refractive Index Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor |
| title_full | Direct and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine Using Carbon Quantum Dots Based Refractive Index Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor |
| title_fullStr | Direct and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine Using Carbon Quantum Dots Based Refractive Index Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Direct and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine Using Carbon Quantum Dots Based Refractive Index Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor |
| title_short | Direct and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine Using Carbon Quantum Dots Based Refractive Index Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor |
| title_sort | direct and sensitive detection of dopamine using carbon quantum dots based refractive index surface plasmon resonance sensor |
| topic | dopamine neurotransmitters surface plasmon resonance optical sensor carbon quantum dots refractive index sensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/11/1799 |
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