| Summary: | To understand the deep tectonic environment at the origin of strong earthquakes along the northern section of the North-South seismic belt and the central continental block of Mongolia, large-scale gravity and geomagnetic surveys and rock sample collection were carried out along the Suhbaatar-Ulaanbaatar-Dalandzadgad profile in Mongolia. The spatial distribution characteristics of the lithospheric magnetic field at 160 geomagnetic measuring points along the profile were then systematically analyzed and summarized. Based on the composition of the lithospheric magnetic field from different sources at different depths combined with the regional geological structure and collected rock sample lithology, the lithospheric magnetic field was further decomposed into different components—the basement, middle layer, and shallow surface—by the upward continuation method. The results show that these components have obvious zoning characteristics and that the lithospheric magnetic field distribution of the Suhbaatar-Ulaanbaatar-Dalandzadgad profile is related to the geological structure, rock lithology, seismic activity, natural remanent magnetization, and magnetic susceptibility. Many destructive earthquakes have occurred in the area where the lithospheric magnetic field changes dramatically, the lithologies are dominantly igneous, and the magnetic susceptibility and natural remanent magnetization are high. In contrast, the lithologies in the area with moderate variation in the lithospheric magnetic field are mostly sedimentary, the magnetic susceptibility and natural remanent magnetization are low, and destructive earthquakes are rare. Since the lithospheric magnetic field reflects the magnetic characteristics of the rocks above the Curie interface, its spatial distribution not only corresponds to the geological structure but also predicts the depth and location of faults. Therefore, it is significant to carry out geomagnetic surveys and rock sampling to analyze the characteristics of geological structures and research regional seismicity.
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