X-STATIS: A Multivariate Approach to Characterize the Evolution of E-Participation, from a Global Perspective
This paper aims to categorize countries by their e-participation index, according to political, capacity, and governmental environment factors; examine how they are projected based on these factors; and analyze whether this projection corresponds to the current state of e-participation development....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Mathematics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/6/1492 |
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| author | Carmen C. Rodríguez-Martínez Mitzi Cubilla-Montilla Purificación Vicente-Galindo Purificación Galindo-Villardón |
| author_facet | Carmen C. Rodríguez-Martínez Mitzi Cubilla-Montilla Purificación Vicente-Galindo Purificación Galindo-Villardón |
| author_sort | Carmen C. Rodríguez-Martínez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper aims to categorize countries by their e-participation index, according to political, capacity, and governmental environment factors; examine how they are projected based on these factors; and analyze whether this projection corresponds to the current state of e-participation development. It is the first study to provide an overview of the e-participation level using multivariate analysis techniques for three-way data analysis, specifically, the X-STATIS methodology and cluster analysis. These techniques enable the simultaneous representation of countries, factors, conditions, trajectories, and groupings, taking into account national conditions in the evolution of e-participation from 2008 to 2016. The results show that when the conditions of each country interact with the level of e-participation development, and depending on the economic development, 7% of countries are lagging behind in e-participation evolution, given their institutional and political capacity. This delay is particularly relevant in countries that enjoy a higher level of socioeconomic status. Meanwhile, 38% are above the level they would correspond to. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:13:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-13651ccd858846efb9a80c810ca025f8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-7390 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:13:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mathematics |
| spelling | doaj.art-13651ccd858846efb9a80c810ca025f82023-11-17T12:29:24ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902023-03-01116149210.3390/math11061492X-STATIS: A Multivariate Approach to Characterize the Evolution of E-Participation, from a Global PerspectiveCarmen C. Rodríguez-Martínez0Mitzi Cubilla-Montilla1Purificación Vicente-Galindo2Purificación Galindo-Villardón3Departamento de Estadística, Universidad de Panama, Panama City 0824, PanamaDepartamento de Estadística, Universidad de Panama, Panama City 0824, PanamaDepartment of Statistics, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, SpainDepartment of Statistics, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, SpainThis paper aims to categorize countries by their e-participation index, according to political, capacity, and governmental environment factors; examine how they are projected based on these factors; and analyze whether this projection corresponds to the current state of e-participation development. It is the first study to provide an overview of the e-participation level using multivariate analysis techniques for three-way data analysis, specifically, the X-STATIS methodology and cluster analysis. These techniques enable the simultaneous representation of countries, factors, conditions, trajectories, and groupings, taking into account national conditions in the evolution of e-participation from 2008 to 2016. The results show that when the conditions of each country interact with the level of e-participation development, and depending on the economic development, 7% of countries are lagging behind in e-participation evolution, given their institutional and political capacity. This delay is particularly relevant in countries that enjoy a higher level of socioeconomic status. Meanwhile, 38% are above the level they would correspond to.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/6/1492X-STATISmultivariate statisticse-participatione-governmentclassification, clusteringhuman capital index |
| spellingShingle | Carmen C. Rodríguez-Martínez Mitzi Cubilla-Montilla Purificación Vicente-Galindo Purificación Galindo-Villardón X-STATIS: A Multivariate Approach to Characterize the Evolution of E-Participation, from a Global Perspective Mathematics X-STATIS multivariate statistics e-participation e-government classification, clustering human capital index |
| title | X-STATIS: A Multivariate Approach to Characterize the Evolution of E-Participation, from a Global Perspective |
| title_full | X-STATIS: A Multivariate Approach to Characterize the Evolution of E-Participation, from a Global Perspective |
| title_fullStr | X-STATIS: A Multivariate Approach to Characterize the Evolution of E-Participation, from a Global Perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | X-STATIS: A Multivariate Approach to Characterize the Evolution of E-Participation, from a Global Perspective |
| title_short | X-STATIS: A Multivariate Approach to Characterize the Evolution of E-Participation, from a Global Perspective |
| title_sort | x statis a multivariate approach to characterize the evolution of e participation from a global perspective |
| topic | X-STATIS multivariate statistics e-participation e-government classification, clustering human capital index |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/6/1492 |
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