Phylogenomic Analyses of <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> Reveal Uneven Distribution of the Lateral and Subpolar Flagellar Systems, Which Extends to <i>Rhizobiales</i>
Dual flagellar systems have been described in several bacterial genera, but the extent of their prevalence has not been fully explored. <i>Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens</i> USDA 110<sup>T</sup> possesses two flagellar systems, the subpolar and the lateral flagella. The latera...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/2/50 |
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| author | Daniel Garrido-Sanz Miguel Redondo-Nieto Elías Mongiardini Esther Blanco-Romero David Durán Juan I. Quelas Marta Martin Rafael Rivilla Aníbal R. Lodeiro M. Julia Althabegoiti |
| author_facet | Daniel Garrido-Sanz Miguel Redondo-Nieto Elías Mongiardini Esther Blanco-Romero David Durán Juan I. Quelas Marta Martin Rafael Rivilla Aníbal R. Lodeiro M. Julia Althabegoiti |
| author_sort | Daniel Garrido-Sanz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dual flagellar systems have been described in several bacterial genera, but the extent of their prevalence has not been fully explored. <i>Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens</i> USDA 110<sup>T</sup> possesses two flagellar systems, the subpolar and the lateral flagella. The lateral flagellum of <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> displays no obvious role, since its performance is explained by cooperation with the subpolar flagellum. In contrast, the lateral flagellum is the only type of flagella present in the related <i>Rhizobiaceae</i> family. In this work, we have analyzed the phylogeny of the <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> genus by means of Genome-to-Genome Blast Distance Phylogeny (GBDP) and Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) comparisons of 128 genomes and divided it into 13 phylogenomic groups. While all the <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> genomes encode the subpolar flagellum, none of them encodes only the lateral flagellum. The simultaneous presence of both flagella is exclusive of the <i>B. japonicum</i> phylogenomic group. Additionally, 292 <i>Rhizobiales</i> order genomes were analyzed and both flagellar systems are present together in only nine genera. Phylogenetic analysis of 150 representative <i>Rhizobiales</i> genomes revealed an uneven distribution of these flagellar systems. While genomes within and close to the <i>Rhizobiaceae</i> family only possess the lateral flagellum, the subpolar flagellum is exclusive of more early-diverging families, where certain genera also present both flagella. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:13:45Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:13:45Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-13689a03b7f745779f225c21a479b3f02022-12-21T23:42:22ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072019-02-01725010.3390/microorganisms7020050microorganisms7020050Phylogenomic Analyses of <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> Reveal Uneven Distribution of the Lateral and Subpolar Flagellar Systems, Which Extends to <i>Rhizobiales</i>Daniel Garrido-Sanz0Miguel Redondo-Nieto1Elías Mongiardini2Esther Blanco-Romero3David Durán4Juan I. Quelas5Marta Martin6Rafael Rivilla7Aníbal R. Lodeiro8M. Julia Althabegoiti9Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP y CCT-La Plata-CONICET, La Plata B1900, ArgentinaDepartamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP y CCT-La Plata-CONICET, La Plata B1900, ArgentinaDepartamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP y CCT-La Plata-CONICET, La Plata B1900, ArgentinaInstituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP y CCT-La Plata-CONICET, La Plata B1900, ArgentinaDual flagellar systems have been described in several bacterial genera, but the extent of their prevalence has not been fully explored. <i>Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens</i> USDA 110<sup>T</sup> possesses two flagellar systems, the subpolar and the lateral flagella. The lateral flagellum of <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> displays no obvious role, since its performance is explained by cooperation with the subpolar flagellum. In contrast, the lateral flagellum is the only type of flagella present in the related <i>Rhizobiaceae</i> family. In this work, we have analyzed the phylogeny of the <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> genus by means of Genome-to-Genome Blast Distance Phylogeny (GBDP) and Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) comparisons of 128 genomes and divided it into 13 phylogenomic groups. While all the <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> genomes encode the subpolar flagellum, none of them encodes only the lateral flagellum. The simultaneous presence of both flagella is exclusive of the <i>B. japonicum</i> phylogenomic group. Additionally, 292 <i>Rhizobiales</i> order genomes were analyzed and both flagellar systems are present together in only nine genera. Phylogenetic analysis of 150 representative <i>Rhizobiales</i> genomes revealed an uneven distribution of these flagellar systems. While genomes within and close to the <i>Rhizobiaceae</i> family only possess the lateral flagellum, the subpolar flagellum is exclusive of more early-diverging families, where certain genera also present both flagella.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/2/50<i>Bradyrhizobium</i><i>Rhizobiales</i>phylogenomicphylogeneticflagellar systems |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Garrido-Sanz Miguel Redondo-Nieto Elías Mongiardini Esther Blanco-Romero David Durán Juan I. Quelas Marta Martin Rafael Rivilla Aníbal R. Lodeiro M. Julia Althabegoiti Phylogenomic Analyses of <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> Reveal Uneven Distribution of the Lateral and Subpolar Flagellar Systems, Which Extends to <i>Rhizobiales</i> Microorganisms <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> <i>Rhizobiales</i> phylogenomic phylogenetic flagellar systems |
| title | Phylogenomic Analyses of <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> Reveal Uneven Distribution of the Lateral and Subpolar Flagellar Systems, Which Extends to <i>Rhizobiales</i> |
| title_full | Phylogenomic Analyses of <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> Reveal Uneven Distribution of the Lateral and Subpolar Flagellar Systems, Which Extends to <i>Rhizobiales</i> |
| title_fullStr | Phylogenomic Analyses of <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> Reveal Uneven Distribution of the Lateral and Subpolar Flagellar Systems, Which Extends to <i>Rhizobiales</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phylogenomic Analyses of <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> Reveal Uneven Distribution of the Lateral and Subpolar Flagellar Systems, Which Extends to <i>Rhizobiales</i> |
| title_short | Phylogenomic Analyses of <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> Reveal Uneven Distribution of the Lateral and Subpolar Flagellar Systems, Which Extends to <i>Rhizobiales</i> |
| title_sort | phylogenomic analyses of i bradyrhizobium i reveal uneven distribution of the lateral and subpolar flagellar systems which extends to i rhizobiales i |
| topic | <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> <i>Rhizobiales</i> phylogenomic phylogenetic flagellar systems |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/2/50 |
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