Caudal Extradural Analgesia with Lidocaine, Xylazine, and a Combination of Lidocaine and Xylazine in the Iranian River Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Objective- To compare the time of onset, duration of action and the extent of analgesia produced by a lidocaine/xylazine combination with that produced by lidocaine and xylazine alone after injection into the caudal extradural space of the Iranian river buffalo. Design- Observer-blind prospective de...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)
2007-06-01
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| Series: | Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3293_889e8a744fea00b9cfd7eb6d163f25ef.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819015000728010752 |
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| author | Siamak Saifzadeh Mehrdad Pourjafar Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh |
| author_facet | Siamak Saifzadeh Mehrdad Pourjafar Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh |
| author_sort | Siamak Saifzadeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective- To compare the time of onset, duration of action and the extent of analgesia produced by a lidocaine/xylazine combination with that produced by lidocaine and xylazine alone after injection into the caudal extradural space of the Iranian river buffalo.
Design- Observer-blind prospective descriptive trial, Latin square design.
Animals- Eleven adult (aged over 2 years) female non-gravid healthy Iranian river buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), weighing from 450 to 650 kg.
Procedure- Caudal extradural analgesia was achieved in buffaloes on 3 occasions at 14-day intervals by injection of 2% lidocaine (L; 0.22 mg kg-1 ), 2% xylazine (X; 0.05 mg kg-1 ), and a combination of 2% lidocaine(0.22 mg kg-1 ) / 2% xylazine (LX; 0.05 mg kg-1 ) in a Latin square design. Analgesia was determined by the lack of response to pin-prick and haemostat pressure in the skin of the caudal areas.
Results- Onset of analgesia for X was significantly longer (5.5 ± 0.7 minutes) than that for L or LX. Duration of analgesia was significantly longer for LX (172.3 ± 17.7 minutes) than for either drug used alone (lidocaine, 79.5 ± 5.7 minutes; xylazine, 136.4±11.4 minutes). In X and LX groups, the level of analgesia ascended to thoracic segments; however, in lidocaine-treated buffaloes thighs, flank, and udders remained sensitive. In all buffaloes, xylazine, administered either alone or with lidocaine, induced mild to moderate ataxia.
Conclusions – The LX combination provided a more rapid onset, a longer duration of analgesia, and a more cranial spread of analgesic effect compared with either drug alone. Clinical relevance: The LX combination may offer a fast and long lasting anesthesia/analgesia to perform obstetrical and surgical procedures without the need for re-injection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T02:24:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-13697303075e43f8b18297ffbdc07bbe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2008-3033 2676-6299 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T02:24:47Z |
| publishDate | 2007-06-01 |
| publisher | Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery |
| spelling | doaj.art-13697303075e43f8b18297ffbdc07bbe2022-12-21T19:19:01ZengIranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery2008-30332676-62992007-06-010237133293Caudal Extradural Analgesia with Lidocaine, Xylazine, and a Combination of Lidocaine and Xylazine in the Iranian River Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)Siamak Saifzadeh0Mehrdad Pourjafar1Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh2Department of clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.Department of clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.Objective- To compare the time of onset, duration of action and the extent of analgesia produced by a lidocaine/xylazine combination with that produced by lidocaine and xylazine alone after injection into the caudal extradural space of the Iranian river buffalo. Design- Observer-blind prospective descriptive trial, Latin square design. Animals- Eleven adult (aged over 2 years) female non-gravid healthy Iranian river buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), weighing from 450 to 650 kg. Procedure- Caudal extradural analgesia was achieved in buffaloes on 3 occasions at 14-day intervals by injection of 2% lidocaine (L; 0.22 mg kg-1 ), 2% xylazine (X; 0.05 mg kg-1 ), and a combination of 2% lidocaine(0.22 mg kg-1 ) / 2% xylazine (LX; 0.05 mg kg-1 ) in a Latin square design. Analgesia was determined by the lack of response to pin-prick and haemostat pressure in the skin of the caudal areas. Results- Onset of analgesia for X was significantly longer (5.5 ± 0.7 minutes) than that for L or LX. Duration of analgesia was significantly longer for LX (172.3 ± 17.7 minutes) than for either drug used alone (lidocaine, 79.5 ± 5.7 minutes; xylazine, 136.4±11.4 minutes). In X and LX groups, the level of analgesia ascended to thoracic segments; however, in lidocaine-treated buffaloes thighs, flank, and udders remained sensitive. In all buffaloes, xylazine, administered either alone or with lidocaine, induced mild to moderate ataxia. Conclusions – The LX combination provided a more rapid onset, a longer duration of analgesia, and a more cranial spread of analgesic effect compared with either drug alone. Clinical relevance: The LX combination may offer a fast and long lasting anesthesia/analgesia to perform obstetrical and surgical procedures without the need for re-injection.http://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3293_889e8a744fea00b9cfd7eb6d163f25ef.pdflidocainexylazinecaudal extradural analgesiabuffalobubalus bubalis |
| spellingShingle | Siamak Saifzadeh Mehrdad Pourjafar Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh Caudal Extradural Analgesia with Lidocaine, Xylazine, and a Combination of Lidocaine and Xylazine in the Iranian River Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery lidocaine xylazine caudal extradural analgesia buffalo bubalus bubalis |
| title | Caudal Extradural Analgesia with Lidocaine, Xylazine, and a Combination of Lidocaine and Xylazine in the Iranian River Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) |
| title_full | Caudal Extradural Analgesia with Lidocaine, Xylazine, and a Combination of Lidocaine and Xylazine in the Iranian River Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) |
| title_fullStr | Caudal Extradural Analgesia with Lidocaine, Xylazine, and a Combination of Lidocaine and Xylazine in the Iranian River Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Caudal Extradural Analgesia with Lidocaine, Xylazine, and a Combination of Lidocaine and Xylazine in the Iranian River Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) |
| title_short | Caudal Extradural Analgesia with Lidocaine, Xylazine, and a Combination of Lidocaine and Xylazine in the Iranian River Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) |
| title_sort | caudal extradural analgesia with lidocaine xylazine and a combination of lidocaine and xylazine in the iranian river buffalo bubalus bubalis |
| topic | lidocaine xylazine caudal extradural analgesia buffalo bubalus bubalis |
| url | http://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3293_889e8a744fea00b9cfd7eb6d163f25ef.pdf |
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