Regulation of the Immune Checkpoint Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression by Epstein–Barr Virus
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is an oncovirus ubiquitously distributed and associated with different types of cancer. The reason why only a group of infected people develop cancer is still unknown. EBV-associated cancers represent about 1.8% of all cancer deaths worldwide, with more than 150,000 new case...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/12/1792 |
| _version_ | 1797506422875881472 |
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| author | Leila Sawada Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto Igor Brasil-Costa |
| author_facet | Leila Sawada Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto Igor Brasil-Costa |
| author_sort | Leila Sawada |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is an oncovirus ubiquitously distributed and associated with different types of cancer. The reason why only a group of infected people develop cancer is still unknown. EBV-associated cancers represent about 1.8% of all cancer deaths worldwide, with more than 150,000 new cases of cancer being reported annually. Since EBV-associated cancers are described as more aggressive and more resistant to the usual treatment compared to EBV-negative ones, the recent introduction of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting immune checkpoints (ICs) in the treatment of cancer patients represents a possible therapy for EBV-associated diseases. However, the current mAb therapies available still need improvement, since a group of patients do not respond well to treatment. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to summarize the progress made regarding the contribution of EBV infection to the expression of the IC indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) thus far. This IC has the potential to be used as a target in new immune therapies, such as mAbs. We hope that this work helps the development of future immunotherapies, improving the prognosis of EBV-associated cancer patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:32:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-137b3b47d4ac46728cd16421ce22273f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:32:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-137b3b47d4ac46728cd16421ce22273f2023-11-23T03:59:14ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2021-11-011112179210.3390/biom11121792Regulation of the Immune Checkpoint Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression by Epstein–Barr VirusLeila Sawada0Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto1Igor Brasil-Costa2Immunology Laboratory, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará 67030-000, BrazilVirology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, BrazilImmunology Laboratory, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará 67030-000, BrazilEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) is an oncovirus ubiquitously distributed and associated with different types of cancer. The reason why only a group of infected people develop cancer is still unknown. EBV-associated cancers represent about 1.8% of all cancer deaths worldwide, with more than 150,000 new cases of cancer being reported annually. Since EBV-associated cancers are described as more aggressive and more resistant to the usual treatment compared to EBV-negative ones, the recent introduction of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting immune checkpoints (ICs) in the treatment of cancer patients represents a possible therapy for EBV-associated diseases. However, the current mAb therapies available still need improvement, since a group of patients do not respond well to treatment. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to summarize the progress made regarding the contribution of EBV infection to the expression of the IC indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) thus far. This IC has the potential to be used as a target in new immune therapies, such as mAbs. We hope that this work helps the development of future immunotherapies, improving the prognosis of EBV-associated cancer patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/12/1792Epstein–Barr virusimmune checkpointsindoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase |
| spellingShingle | Leila Sawada Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto Igor Brasil-Costa Regulation of the Immune Checkpoint Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression by Epstein–Barr Virus Biomolecules Epstein–Barr virus immune checkpoints indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase |
| title | Regulation of the Immune Checkpoint Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression by Epstein–Barr Virus |
| title_full | Regulation of the Immune Checkpoint Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression by Epstein–Barr Virus |
| title_fullStr | Regulation of the Immune Checkpoint Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression by Epstein–Barr Virus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulation of the Immune Checkpoint Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression by Epstein–Barr Virus |
| title_short | Regulation of the Immune Checkpoint Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression by Epstein–Barr Virus |
| title_sort | regulation of the immune checkpoint indoleamine 2 3 dioxygenase expression by epstein barr virus |
| topic | Epstein–Barr virus immune checkpoints indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/12/1792 |
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