Factors and Mechanisms for Pharmacokinetic Differences between Pediatric Population and Adults
Many physiologic differences between children and adults may result in age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Factors such as gastric pH and emptying time, intestinal transit time, immaturity of secretion and activity of bile and pancreatic fluid among other factors determine...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2011-02-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/3/1/53/ |
| _version_ | 1817990957862223872 |
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| author | Jose T. Ramos Marta Arteta Pilar Tejada Alfredo Hernandez Raul Perez Eva Fernandez |
| author_facet | Jose T. Ramos Marta Arteta Pilar Tejada Alfredo Hernandez Raul Perez Eva Fernandez |
| author_sort | Jose T. Ramos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Many physiologic differences between children and adults may result in age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Factors such as gastric pH and emptying time, intestinal transit time, immaturity of secretion and activity of bile and pancreatic fluid among other factors determine the oral bioavailability of pediatric and adult populations. Anatomical, physiological and biochemical characteristics in children also affect the bioavailability of other routes of administration. Key factors explaining differences in drug distribution between the pediatric population and adults are membrane permeability, plasma protein binding and total body water. As far as drug metabolism is concerned, important differences have been found in the pediatric population compared with adults both for phase I and phase II metabolic enzymes. Immaturity of glomerular filtration, renal tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption at birth and their maturation determine the different excretion of drugs in the pediatric population compared to adults. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:06:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-137b7decd202459fa9d3647566b38e64 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:06:51Z |
| publishDate | 2011-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-137b7decd202459fa9d3647566b38e642022-12-22T02:21:12ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232011-02-0131537210.3390/pharmaceutics3010053Factors and Mechanisms for Pharmacokinetic Differences between Pediatric Population and AdultsJose T. RamosMarta ArtetaPilar TejadaAlfredo HernandezRaul PerezEva FernandezMany physiologic differences between children and adults may result in age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Factors such as gastric pH and emptying time, intestinal transit time, immaturity of secretion and activity of bile and pancreatic fluid among other factors determine the oral bioavailability of pediatric and adult populations. Anatomical, physiological and biochemical characteristics in children also affect the bioavailability of other routes of administration. Key factors explaining differences in drug distribution between the pediatric population and adults are membrane permeability, plasma protein binding and total body water. As far as drug metabolism is concerned, important differences have been found in the pediatric population compared with adults both for phase I and phase II metabolic enzymes. Immaturity of glomerular filtration, renal tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption at birth and their maturation determine the different excretion of drugs in the pediatric population compared to adults.http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/3/1/53/pharmacokineticschildrenneonatesinfantsbioavailabilitydistributionmetabolismexcretion |
| spellingShingle | Jose T. Ramos Marta Arteta Pilar Tejada Alfredo Hernandez Raul Perez Eva Fernandez Factors and Mechanisms for Pharmacokinetic Differences between Pediatric Population and Adults Pharmaceutics pharmacokinetics children neonates infants bioavailability distribution metabolism excretion |
| title | Factors and Mechanisms for Pharmacokinetic Differences between Pediatric Population and Adults |
| title_full | Factors and Mechanisms for Pharmacokinetic Differences between Pediatric Population and Adults |
| title_fullStr | Factors and Mechanisms for Pharmacokinetic Differences between Pediatric Population and Adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Factors and Mechanisms for Pharmacokinetic Differences between Pediatric Population and Adults |
| title_short | Factors and Mechanisms for Pharmacokinetic Differences between Pediatric Population and Adults |
| title_sort | factors and mechanisms for pharmacokinetic differences between pediatric population and adults |
| topic | pharmacokinetics children neonates infants bioavailability distribution metabolism excretion |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/3/1/53/ |
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