The Genotoxicity of Organic Extracts from Particulate Emissions Produced by Neat Gasoline (E0) and a Gasoline–Ethanol Blend (E15) in BEAS-2B Cells
Emissions from modern gasoline engines represent an environmental and health risk. In this study, we aimed to compare the toxicity of organic compound mixtures extracted from particulate matter (PM extracts) produced by neat gasoline (E0) and a blend containing 15% ethanol (E15), which is offered as...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Xenobiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/14/1/1 |
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| author | Helena Libalova Tana Zavodna Fatima Elzeinova Hana Barosova Tereza Cervena Alena Milcova Jolana Vankova Foteini Paradeisi Michal Vojtisek-Lom Jitka Sikorova Jan Topinka Pavel Rossner |
| author_facet | Helena Libalova Tana Zavodna Fatima Elzeinova Hana Barosova Tereza Cervena Alena Milcova Jolana Vankova Foteini Paradeisi Michal Vojtisek-Lom Jitka Sikorova Jan Topinka Pavel Rossner |
| author_sort | Helena Libalova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Emissions from modern gasoline engines represent an environmental and health risk. In this study, we aimed to compare the toxicity of organic compound mixtures extracted from particulate matter (PM extracts) produced by neat gasoline (E0) and a blend containing 15% ethanol (E15), which is offered as an alternative to non-renewable fossil fuels. Human lung BEAS-2B cells were exposed to PM extracts, and biomarkers of genotoxicity, such as DNA damage evaluated by comet assay, micronuclei formation, levels of phosphorylated histone H2AX, the expression of genes relevant to the DNA damage response, and exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were determined. Results showed that both PM extracts significantly increased the level of oxidized DNA lesions. The E0 extract exhibited a more pronounced effect, possibly due to the higher content of nitrated PAHs. Other endpoints were not substantially affected by any of the PM extracts. Gene expression analysis revealed mild but coordinated induction of genes related to DNA damage response, and a strong induction of PAH-inducible genes, indicating activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Our data suggest that the addition of ethanol into the gasoline diminished the oxidative DNA damage, but no effect on other genotoxicity biomarkers was observed. Activated AhR may play an important role in the toxicity of gasoline PM emissions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:06:39Z |
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| id | doaj.art-13b7c955b5a5408096d502591e3fad4c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2039-4705 2039-4713 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:06:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Xenobiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-13b7c955b5a5408096d502591e3fad4c2024-03-27T13:49:54ZengMDPI AGJournal of Xenobiotics2039-47052039-47132023-12-0114111410.3390/jox14010001The Genotoxicity of Organic Extracts from Particulate Emissions Produced by Neat Gasoline (E0) and a Gasoline–Ethanol Blend (E15) in BEAS-2B CellsHelena Libalova0Tana Zavodna1Fatima Elzeinova2Hana Barosova3Tereza Cervena4Alena Milcova5Jolana Vankova6Foteini Paradeisi7Michal Vojtisek-Lom8Jitka Sikorova9Jan Topinka10Pavel Rossner11Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, 14220 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, 14220 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, 14220 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, 14220 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, 14220 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, 14220 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, 14220 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, 14220 Prague, Czech RepublicCentre of Vehicles for Sustainable Mobility, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 16000 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, 14220 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, 14220 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, 14220 Prague, Czech RepublicEmissions from modern gasoline engines represent an environmental and health risk. In this study, we aimed to compare the toxicity of organic compound mixtures extracted from particulate matter (PM extracts) produced by neat gasoline (E0) and a blend containing 15% ethanol (E15), which is offered as an alternative to non-renewable fossil fuels. Human lung BEAS-2B cells were exposed to PM extracts, and biomarkers of genotoxicity, such as DNA damage evaluated by comet assay, micronuclei formation, levels of phosphorylated histone H2AX, the expression of genes relevant to the DNA damage response, and exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were determined. Results showed that both PM extracts significantly increased the level of oxidized DNA lesions. The E0 extract exhibited a more pronounced effect, possibly due to the higher content of nitrated PAHs. Other endpoints were not substantially affected by any of the PM extracts. Gene expression analysis revealed mild but coordinated induction of genes related to DNA damage response, and a strong induction of PAH-inducible genes, indicating activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Our data suggest that the addition of ethanol into the gasoline diminished the oxidative DNA damage, but no effect on other genotoxicity biomarkers was observed. Activated AhR may play an important role in the toxicity of gasoline PM emissions.https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/14/1/1gasoline particulate emissionsorganic PM extractsalternative fuelsgenotoxicitypolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonshuman pulmonary cell line |
| spellingShingle | Helena Libalova Tana Zavodna Fatima Elzeinova Hana Barosova Tereza Cervena Alena Milcova Jolana Vankova Foteini Paradeisi Michal Vojtisek-Lom Jitka Sikorova Jan Topinka Pavel Rossner The Genotoxicity of Organic Extracts from Particulate Emissions Produced by Neat Gasoline (E0) and a Gasoline–Ethanol Blend (E15) in BEAS-2B Cells Journal of Xenobiotics gasoline particulate emissions organic PM extracts alternative fuels genotoxicity polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons human pulmonary cell line |
| title | The Genotoxicity of Organic Extracts from Particulate Emissions Produced by Neat Gasoline (E0) and a Gasoline–Ethanol Blend (E15) in BEAS-2B Cells |
| title_full | The Genotoxicity of Organic Extracts from Particulate Emissions Produced by Neat Gasoline (E0) and a Gasoline–Ethanol Blend (E15) in BEAS-2B Cells |
| title_fullStr | The Genotoxicity of Organic Extracts from Particulate Emissions Produced by Neat Gasoline (E0) and a Gasoline–Ethanol Blend (E15) in BEAS-2B Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Genotoxicity of Organic Extracts from Particulate Emissions Produced by Neat Gasoline (E0) and a Gasoline–Ethanol Blend (E15) in BEAS-2B Cells |
| title_short | The Genotoxicity of Organic Extracts from Particulate Emissions Produced by Neat Gasoline (E0) and a Gasoline–Ethanol Blend (E15) in BEAS-2B Cells |
| title_sort | genotoxicity of organic extracts from particulate emissions produced by neat gasoline e0 and a gasoline ethanol blend e15 in beas 2b cells |
| topic | gasoline particulate emissions organic PM extracts alternative fuels genotoxicity polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons human pulmonary cell line |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/14/1/1 |
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