Diversity and Changes in the Energy Balance in EU Countries
The main purpose of the paper was to present the energy balance in the EU countries. The specific objectives were to show the concentration and directions of changes in the demand, production, import, and export of energy in the EU countries, to determine the degree of variability (or stability) of...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1098 |
| _version_ | 1797395962213171200 |
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| author | Tomasz Rokicki Aleksandra Perkowska |
| author_facet | Tomasz Rokicki Aleksandra Perkowska |
| author_sort | Tomasz Rokicki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The main purpose of the paper was to present the energy balance in the EU countries. The specific objectives were to show the concentration and directions of changes in the demand, production, import, and export of energy in the EU countries, to determine the degree of variability (or stability) of these energy balance parameters, and to establish the correlation between the energy balance parameters and economic parameters. All members of the European Union were determinedly selected for research on 31 December 2018 (28 countries). The research period embraced the years 2004–2018. The sources of materials were the literature on the topic and data from Eurostat. Descriptive, tabular, and graphical methods, Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve, coefficient of variation, Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient, and constant-based dynamics indicators were used in the analysis and presentation of materials. It was determined that only the demand for energy and its import in EU countries were nearly related to the economic situation. In turn, exports and production were medium and weakly correlated. In these parameters, economic factors had a smaller impact than other factors, such as political development or the level of energy development in the country. It was also found that the EU countries’ energy imports were characterized by lower volatility than its exports. As a rule, the most significant stabilization in the given parameters occurred in countries with a stable economy, the so-called developed economies, while the most significant volatility was in developing countries. Energy security is of great importance in all EU countries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:43:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-13c7cc1514384c5a82c5d5d2fceb7c32 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:43:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-13c7cc1514384c5a82c5d5d2fceb7c322023-12-11T17:38:58ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-02-01144109810.3390/en14041098Diversity and Changes in the Energy Balance in EU CountriesTomasz Rokicki0Aleksandra Perkowska1Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, PolandThe main purpose of the paper was to present the energy balance in the EU countries. The specific objectives were to show the concentration and directions of changes in the demand, production, import, and export of energy in the EU countries, to determine the degree of variability (or stability) of these energy balance parameters, and to establish the correlation between the energy balance parameters and economic parameters. All members of the European Union were determinedly selected for research on 31 December 2018 (28 countries). The research period embraced the years 2004–2018. The sources of materials were the literature on the topic and data from Eurostat. Descriptive, tabular, and graphical methods, Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve, coefficient of variation, Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient, and constant-based dynamics indicators were used in the analysis and presentation of materials. It was determined that only the demand for energy and its import in EU countries were nearly related to the economic situation. In turn, exports and production were medium and weakly correlated. In these parameters, economic factors had a smaller impact than other factors, such as political development or the level of energy development in the country. It was also found that the EU countries’ energy imports were characterized by lower volatility than its exports. As a rule, the most significant stabilization in the given parameters occurred in countries with a stable economy, the so-called developed economies, while the most significant volatility was in developing countries. Energy security is of great importance in all EU countries.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1098energy suppliesenergy securityenergy marketEU countries |
| spellingShingle | Tomasz Rokicki Aleksandra Perkowska Diversity and Changes in the Energy Balance in EU Countries Energies energy supplies energy security energy market EU countries |
| title | Diversity and Changes in the Energy Balance in EU Countries |
| title_full | Diversity and Changes in the Energy Balance in EU Countries |
| title_fullStr | Diversity and Changes in the Energy Balance in EU Countries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diversity and Changes in the Energy Balance in EU Countries |
| title_short | Diversity and Changes in the Energy Balance in EU Countries |
| title_sort | diversity and changes in the energy balance in eu countries |
| topic | energy supplies energy security energy market EU countries |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1098 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tomaszrokicki diversityandchangesintheenergybalanceineucountries AT aleksandraperkowska diversityandchangesintheenergybalanceineucountries |