Comparison and Analysis of Diffusion Models: Growth Kinetics of Diiron Boride Layers on ASTM A283 Steel
Hard-coated surfacing of a few micrometers is widely applied to increase the efficiency of tools, e.g., for cutting, forming, and casting applications. Therefore, the base thermodiffusion surface treatment is a practical solution to these issues by hardening surface layers with interstitial elements...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/23/8420 |
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| author | Martín Ortiz-Domínguez Oscar Armando Gómez-Vargas Mariana Bárcenas-Castañeda Víctor Augusto Castellanos-Escamilla |
| author_facet | Martín Ortiz-Domínguez Oscar Armando Gómez-Vargas Mariana Bárcenas-Castañeda Víctor Augusto Castellanos-Escamilla |
| author_sort | Martín Ortiz-Domínguez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hard-coated surfacing of a few micrometers is widely applied to increase the efficiency of tools, e.g., for cutting, forming, and casting applications. Therefore, the base thermodiffusion surface treatment is a practical solution to these issues by hardening surface layers with interstitial elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and boron. In particular, within this study, the growth kinetics of an iron boride layer on ASTM 283 steel were investigated with two diffusion models of the powder-pack boriding technique in the temperature range of 1123–1273 K with different treatment periods. The first model, called the steady-state diffusion model, used the modified version of the mass balance equations at the Fe<sub>2</sub>B/substrate growth interface, the parabolic growth law, and the solution of Fick’s second law without time dependence. At the same time, the second diffusion model was based on Goodman’s method, also called the integral heat balance method. Afterward, the diffusion coefficient of boron in the Fe<sub>2</sub>B phase was calculated by fitting the experimental data to the models. Nevertheless, the estimated value for the activation energy of ASTM A238 steel in both diffusion models was coincident (168.2 kJ∙mol<sup>−1</sup>). A mathematical analysis was implemented by means of a power series (Taylor series) to explain this similarity. The SEM examinations showed a solid tendency to saw-tooth morphology at the growth interface with the formation of the Fe<sub>2</sub>B layer, whose presence was verified by XRD analysis. The tribological characterizations, including the tests of Rockwell-C indentation, pin-on-disc, and Vickers hardness test method, were used to analyze the antiwear features of the Fe<sub>2</sub>B layers. Finally, this value of energy was compared to the literature for its experimental validation. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:42:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-13d220838e534f8c9cfb5a9764bd3dae2023-11-24T11:27:59ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-11-011523842010.3390/ma15238420Comparison and Analysis of Diffusion Models: Growth Kinetics of Diiron Boride Layers on ASTM A283 SteelMartín Ortiz-Domínguez0Oscar Armando Gómez-Vargas1Mariana Bárcenas-Castañeda2Víctor Augusto Castellanos-Escamilla3Ingeniería Mecánica, Escuela Superior de Ciudad Sahagún, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Cd. Sahagún-Otumba s/n, Zona Industrial, Ciudad Sahagún 43990, Hidalgo, MexicoDivisión de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Tlalnepantla, TecNM, Av. Instituto Tecnológico, S/N. Col. La Comunidad, Tlalnepantla de Baz 54070, Estado de Mexico, MexicoDivisión de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec, TecNM, Av. Tecnológico S/N, Col. Valle de Anáhuac, Ecatepec de Morelos 55210, Estado de Mexico, MexicoDivisión de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Tlalnepantla, TecNM, Av. Instituto Tecnológico, S/N. Col. La Comunidad, Tlalnepantla de Baz 54070, Estado de Mexico, MexicoHard-coated surfacing of a few micrometers is widely applied to increase the efficiency of tools, e.g., for cutting, forming, and casting applications. Therefore, the base thermodiffusion surface treatment is a practical solution to these issues by hardening surface layers with interstitial elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and boron. In particular, within this study, the growth kinetics of an iron boride layer on ASTM 283 steel were investigated with two diffusion models of the powder-pack boriding technique in the temperature range of 1123–1273 K with different treatment periods. The first model, called the steady-state diffusion model, used the modified version of the mass balance equations at the Fe<sub>2</sub>B/substrate growth interface, the parabolic growth law, and the solution of Fick’s second law without time dependence. At the same time, the second diffusion model was based on Goodman’s method, also called the integral heat balance method. Afterward, the diffusion coefficient of boron in the Fe<sub>2</sub>B phase was calculated by fitting the experimental data to the models. Nevertheless, the estimated value for the activation energy of ASTM A238 steel in both diffusion models was coincident (168.2 kJ∙mol<sup>−1</sup>). A mathematical analysis was implemented by means of a power series (Taylor series) to explain this similarity. The SEM examinations showed a solid tendency to saw-tooth morphology at the growth interface with the formation of the Fe<sub>2</sub>B layer, whose presence was verified by XRD analysis. The tribological characterizations, including the tests of Rockwell-C indentation, pin-on-disc, and Vickers hardness test method, were used to analyze the antiwear features of the Fe<sub>2</sub>B layers. Finally, this value of energy was compared to the literature for its experimental validation.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/23/8420boronizinglayer growthdiffusion modelsFe<sub>2</sub>Bminimum energy |
| spellingShingle | Martín Ortiz-Domínguez Oscar Armando Gómez-Vargas Mariana Bárcenas-Castañeda Víctor Augusto Castellanos-Escamilla Comparison and Analysis of Diffusion Models: Growth Kinetics of Diiron Boride Layers on ASTM A283 Steel Materials boronizing layer growth diffusion models Fe<sub>2</sub>B minimum energy |
| title | Comparison and Analysis of Diffusion Models: Growth Kinetics of Diiron Boride Layers on ASTM A283 Steel |
| title_full | Comparison and Analysis of Diffusion Models: Growth Kinetics of Diiron Boride Layers on ASTM A283 Steel |
| title_fullStr | Comparison and Analysis of Diffusion Models: Growth Kinetics of Diiron Boride Layers on ASTM A283 Steel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison and Analysis of Diffusion Models: Growth Kinetics of Diiron Boride Layers on ASTM A283 Steel |
| title_short | Comparison and Analysis of Diffusion Models: Growth Kinetics of Diiron Boride Layers on ASTM A283 Steel |
| title_sort | comparison and analysis of diffusion models growth kinetics of diiron boride layers on astm a283 steel |
| topic | boronizing layer growth diffusion models Fe<sub>2</sub>B minimum energy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/23/8420 |
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