A Combined Approach for Detection of Ovine Small Ruminant Retrovirus Co-Infections
Jaagsiekte retrovirus (JSRV)-induced ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is an important ovine respiratory disease in Switzerland. Furthermore, ovine lungs with OPA frequently exhibited lesions suggestive of maedi-visna virus (MVV) or caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection, indicatin...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/376 |
| _version_ | 1797617763478405120 |
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| author | Giuliana Rosato Carlos Abril Monika Hilbe Frauke Seehusen |
| author_facet | Giuliana Rosato Carlos Abril Monika Hilbe Frauke Seehusen |
| author_sort | Giuliana Rosato |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Jaagsiekte retrovirus (JSRV)-induced ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is an important ovine respiratory disease in Switzerland. Furthermore, ovine lungs with OPA frequently exhibited lesions suggestive of maedi-visna virus (MVV) or caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection, indicating that co-morbidities might occur. Lungs and pulmonary lymph nodes were sampled from suspected OPA cases, inflammatory lung lesions and control lungs (total of 110 cases). Tissues were (a) processed for histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and (b) underwent DNA extraction and real-time PCR for JSRV, MVV and CAEV. Peptide sequences were used to generate virus-specific customized polyclonal antibodies. PCR-positive OPA cases and formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded MVV- and CAEV-infected synovial cell pellets served as positive controls. Fifty-two lungs were histologically diagnosed with OPA. Histological evidence of MVV/CAEV infection was detected in 25 lungs. JSRV was detected by PCR in 84% of the suspected OPA cases; six were co-infected with MVV and one with CAEV. MVV was detected by PCR in 14 cases, and four lungs were positive for CAEV. Three lungs had MVV/CAEV co-infection. In IHC, JSRV was detected in 91% of the PCR-positive cases, whereas MVV and CAEV immunoreactivity was seen in all PCR-positive lungs. Although PCR showed a higher sensitivity compared to IHC, the combined approach allows for investigations on viral cell tropism and pathogenic processes in co-morbidities, including their potential interdependency. Furthermore, an immunohistochemical tool for specific differentiation of MVV and/or CAEV infection was implemented. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:00:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-13d2f8edb1f34f729404ede38671f588 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:00:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-13d2f8edb1f34f729404ede38671f5882023-11-16T23:48:09ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-01-0115237610.3390/v15020376A Combined Approach for Detection of Ovine Small Ruminant Retrovirus Co-InfectionsGiuliana Rosato0Carlos Abril1Monika Hilbe2Frauke Seehusen3Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Virology and Immunology IVI, in Cooperation with the Vetsuisse-Faculty of the University of Bern, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandInstitute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandJaagsiekte retrovirus (JSRV)-induced ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is an important ovine respiratory disease in Switzerland. Furthermore, ovine lungs with OPA frequently exhibited lesions suggestive of maedi-visna virus (MVV) or caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection, indicating that co-morbidities might occur. Lungs and pulmonary lymph nodes were sampled from suspected OPA cases, inflammatory lung lesions and control lungs (total of 110 cases). Tissues were (a) processed for histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and (b) underwent DNA extraction and real-time PCR for JSRV, MVV and CAEV. Peptide sequences were used to generate virus-specific customized polyclonal antibodies. PCR-positive OPA cases and formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded MVV- and CAEV-infected synovial cell pellets served as positive controls. Fifty-two lungs were histologically diagnosed with OPA. Histological evidence of MVV/CAEV infection was detected in 25 lungs. JSRV was detected by PCR in 84% of the suspected OPA cases; six were co-infected with MVV and one with CAEV. MVV was detected by PCR in 14 cases, and four lungs were positive for CAEV. Three lungs had MVV/CAEV co-infection. In IHC, JSRV was detected in 91% of the PCR-positive cases, whereas MVV and CAEV immunoreactivity was seen in all PCR-positive lungs. Although PCR showed a higher sensitivity compared to IHC, the combined approach allows for investigations on viral cell tropism and pathogenic processes in co-morbidities, including their potential interdependency. Furthermore, an immunohistochemical tool for specific differentiation of MVV and/or CAEV infection was implemented.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/376MVVCAEVJSRVovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA)diagnosticco-infections |
| spellingShingle | Giuliana Rosato Carlos Abril Monika Hilbe Frauke Seehusen A Combined Approach for Detection of Ovine Small Ruminant Retrovirus Co-Infections Viruses MVV CAEV JSRV ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) diagnostic co-infections |
| title | A Combined Approach for Detection of Ovine Small Ruminant Retrovirus Co-Infections |
| title_full | A Combined Approach for Detection of Ovine Small Ruminant Retrovirus Co-Infections |
| title_fullStr | A Combined Approach for Detection of Ovine Small Ruminant Retrovirus Co-Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Combined Approach for Detection of Ovine Small Ruminant Retrovirus Co-Infections |
| title_short | A Combined Approach for Detection of Ovine Small Ruminant Retrovirus Co-Infections |
| title_sort | combined approach for detection of ovine small ruminant retrovirus co infections |
| topic | MVV CAEV JSRV ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) diagnostic co-infections |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/376 |
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