Simulation of a Severe Sand and Dust Storm Event in March 2021 in Northern China: Dust Emission Schemes Comparison and the Role of Gusty Wind
Northern China experienced a severe sand and dust storm (SDS) on 14/15 March 2021. It was difficult to simulate this severe SDS event accurately. This study compared the performances of three dust-emission schemes on simulating PM<sub>10</sub> concentration during this SDS event by imple...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/1/108 |
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| author | Jikang Wang Bihui Zhang Hengde Zhang Cong Hua Linchang An Hailin Gui |
| author_facet | Jikang Wang Bihui Zhang Hengde Zhang Cong Hua Linchang An Hailin Gui |
| author_sort | Jikang Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Northern China experienced a severe sand and dust storm (SDS) on 14/15 March 2021. It was difficult to simulate this severe SDS event accurately. This study compared the performances of three dust-emission schemes on simulating PM<sub>10</sub> concentration during this SDS event by implementing three vertical dust flux parameterizations in the Comprehensive Air-Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) model. Additionally, a statistical gusty-wind model was implemented in the dust-emission scheme, and it was used to quantify the gusty-wind contribution to dust emissions and peak PM<sub>10</sub> concentration. As a result, the LS scheme (Lu and Shao 1999) produced the minimum errors for peak PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations, the MB scheme (Marticorena and Bergametti 1995) underestimated the PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations by 70–90%, and the KOK scheme (Kok et al. 2014) overestimated PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations by 10–50% in most areas. The gusty-wind model could reasonably reproduce the probability density function of 2-min wind speeds. There were 5–40% more dust-emission flux and 5–40% more peak PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations generated by the gusty wind than the hourly wind in the dust-source regions. The increase of peak PM<sub>10</sub> concentration caused by gusty wind in the non-dust-source regions was higher than in the dust-source regions, with 10–50%. Implementing the gusty-wind model could help improve the LS scheme’s performance in simulating PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations of this severe SDS event. More work is still needed to investigate the reliability of the gusty-wind model and LS scheme on various SDS events. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:55:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-13dcd1fa2a1e4acf97f86ad6f54e6ca6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:55:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-13dcd1fa2a1e4acf97f86ad6f54e6ca62023-11-23T12:57:16ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-01-0113110810.3390/atmos13010108Simulation of a Severe Sand and Dust Storm Event in March 2021 in Northern China: Dust Emission Schemes Comparison and the Role of Gusty WindJikang Wang0Bihui Zhang1Hengde Zhang2Cong Hua3Linchang An4Hailin Gui5National Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaNorthern China experienced a severe sand and dust storm (SDS) on 14/15 March 2021. It was difficult to simulate this severe SDS event accurately. This study compared the performances of three dust-emission schemes on simulating PM<sub>10</sub> concentration during this SDS event by implementing three vertical dust flux parameterizations in the Comprehensive Air-Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) model. Additionally, a statistical gusty-wind model was implemented in the dust-emission scheme, and it was used to quantify the gusty-wind contribution to dust emissions and peak PM<sub>10</sub> concentration. As a result, the LS scheme (Lu and Shao 1999) produced the minimum errors for peak PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations, the MB scheme (Marticorena and Bergametti 1995) underestimated the PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations by 70–90%, and the KOK scheme (Kok et al. 2014) overestimated PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations by 10–50% in most areas. The gusty-wind model could reasonably reproduce the probability density function of 2-min wind speeds. There were 5–40% more dust-emission flux and 5–40% more peak PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations generated by the gusty wind than the hourly wind in the dust-source regions. The increase of peak PM<sub>10</sub> concentration caused by gusty wind in the non-dust-source regions was higher than in the dust-source regions, with 10–50%. Implementing the gusty-wind model could help improve the LS scheme’s performance in simulating PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations of this severe SDS event. More work is still needed to investigate the reliability of the gusty-wind model and LS scheme on various SDS events.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/1/108sand and dust stormsgusty-wind modelvertical dust flux parameterizationsCAMx |
| spellingShingle | Jikang Wang Bihui Zhang Hengde Zhang Cong Hua Linchang An Hailin Gui Simulation of a Severe Sand and Dust Storm Event in March 2021 in Northern China: Dust Emission Schemes Comparison and the Role of Gusty Wind Atmosphere sand and dust storms gusty-wind model vertical dust flux parameterizations CAMx |
| title | Simulation of a Severe Sand and Dust Storm Event in March 2021 in Northern China: Dust Emission Schemes Comparison and the Role of Gusty Wind |
| title_full | Simulation of a Severe Sand and Dust Storm Event in March 2021 in Northern China: Dust Emission Schemes Comparison and the Role of Gusty Wind |
| title_fullStr | Simulation of a Severe Sand and Dust Storm Event in March 2021 in Northern China: Dust Emission Schemes Comparison and the Role of Gusty Wind |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simulation of a Severe Sand and Dust Storm Event in March 2021 in Northern China: Dust Emission Schemes Comparison and the Role of Gusty Wind |
| title_short | Simulation of a Severe Sand and Dust Storm Event in March 2021 in Northern China: Dust Emission Schemes Comparison and the Role of Gusty Wind |
| title_sort | simulation of a severe sand and dust storm event in march 2021 in northern china dust emission schemes comparison and the role of gusty wind |
| topic | sand and dust storms gusty-wind model vertical dust flux parameterizations CAMx |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/1/108 |
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