Compounding of Short Fiber Reinforced Phenolic Resin by Using Specific Mechanical Energy Input as a Process Control Parameter
For a newly developed thermoset injection molding process, glass fiber-reinforced phenolic molding compounds with fiber contents between 0 wt% and 60 wt% were compounded. To achieve a comparable remaining heat of the reaction in all compound formulations, the specific mechanical energy input (SME) d...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Composites Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/5/5/127 |
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| author | Robert Maertens Wilfried V. Liebig Peter Elsner Kay A. Weidenmann |
| author_facet | Robert Maertens Wilfried V. Liebig Peter Elsner Kay A. Weidenmann |
| author_sort | Robert Maertens |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For a newly developed thermoset injection molding process, glass fiber-reinforced phenolic molding compounds with fiber contents between 0 wt% and 60 wt% were compounded. To achieve a comparable remaining heat of the reaction in all compound formulations, the specific mechanical energy input (SME) during the twin-screw extruder compounding process was used as a control parameter. By adjusting the extruder screw speed and the material throughput, a constant SME into the resin was targeted. Validation measurements using differential scanning calorimetry showed that the remaining heat of the reaction was higher for the molding compounds with low glass fiber contents. It was concluded that the SME was not the only influencing factor on the resin crosslinking progress during the compounding. The material temperature and the residence time changed with the screw speed and throughput, and most likely influenced the curing. However, the SME was one of the major influence factors, and can serve as an at-line control parameter for reactive compounding processes. The mechanical characterization of the test specimens revealed a linear improvement in tensile strength up to a fiber content of 40–50 wt%. The unnotched Charpy impact strength at a 0° orientation reached a plateau at fiber fractions of approximately 45 wt%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:33:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-13ea6ce50b194c5da2ce5ad6a2760355 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2504-477X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:33:21Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Composites Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-13ea6ce50b194c5da2ce5ad6a27603552023-11-21T19:04:21ZengMDPI AGJournal of Composites Science2504-477X2021-05-015512710.3390/jcs5050127Compounding of Short Fiber Reinforced Phenolic Resin by Using Specific Mechanical Energy Input as a Process Control ParameterRobert Maertens0Wilfried V. Liebig1Peter Elsner2Kay A. Weidenmann3Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Materials—Materials Science and Engineering (IAM-WK), Engelbert-Arnold-Straße 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Materials—Materials Science and Engineering (IAM-WK), Engelbert-Arnold-Straße 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Materials—Materials Science and Engineering (IAM-WK), Engelbert-Arnold-Straße 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute for Materials Resource Management MRM, Hybrid Composite Materials, Augsburg University, Am Technologiezentrum 8, 86159 Augsburg, GermanyFor a newly developed thermoset injection molding process, glass fiber-reinforced phenolic molding compounds with fiber contents between 0 wt% and 60 wt% were compounded. To achieve a comparable remaining heat of the reaction in all compound formulations, the specific mechanical energy input (SME) during the twin-screw extruder compounding process was used as a control parameter. By adjusting the extruder screw speed and the material throughput, a constant SME into the resin was targeted. Validation measurements using differential scanning calorimetry showed that the remaining heat of the reaction was higher for the molding compounds with low glass fiber contents. It was concluded that the SME was not the only influencing factor on the resin crosslinking progress during the compounding. The material temperature and the residence time changed with the screw speed and throughput, and most likely influenced the curing. However, the SME was one of the major influence factors, and can serve as an at-line control parameter for reactive compounding processes. The mechanical characterization of the test specimens revealed a linear improvement in tensile strength up to a fiber content of 40–50 wt%. The unnotched Charpy impact strength at a 0° orientation reached a plateau at fiber fractions of approximately 45 wt%.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/5/5/127thermoset injection moldingreactive polymer compoundingglass fiber-reinforced polymersphenolic molding compoundcomposite fiber contentcomposite fiber length |
| spellingShingle | Robert Maertens Wilfried V. Liebig Peter Elsner Kay A. Weidenmann Compounding of Short Fiber Reinforced Phenolic Resin by Using Specific Mechanical Energy Input as a Process Control Parameter Journal of Composites Science thermoset injection molding reactive polymer compounding glass fiber-reinforced polymers phenolic molding compound composite fiber content composite fiber length |
| title | Compounding of Short Fiber Reinforced Phenolic Resin by Using Specific Mechanical Energy Input as a Process Control Parameter |
| title_full | Compounding of Short Fiber Reinforced Phenolic Resin by Using Specific Mechanical Energy Input as a Process Control Parameter |
| title_fullStr | Compounding of Short Fiber Reinforced Phenolic Resin by Using Specific Mechanical Energy Input as a Process Control Parameter |
| title_full_unstemmed | Compounding of Short Fiber Reinforced Phenolic Resin by Using Specific Mechanical Energy Input as a Process Control Parameter |
| title_short | Compounding of Short Fiber Reinforced Phenolic Resin by Using Specific Mechanical Energy Input as a Process Control Parameter |
| title_sort | compounding of short fiber reinforced phenolic resin by using specific mechanical energy input as a process control parameter |
| topic | thermoset injection molding reactive polymer compounding glass fiber-reinforced polymers phenolic molding compound composite fiber content composite fiber length |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/5/5/127 |
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