Early-Life Colonization by Anelloviruses in Infants
Anelloviruses (AVs) are found in the vast majority of the human population and are most probably part of a healthy virome. These viruses infect humans in the early stage of life, however, the characteristics of the first colonizing AVs are still unknown. We screened a collection of 107 blood samples...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/5/865 |
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| author | Joanna Kaczorowska Aurelija Cicilionytė Anne L. Timmerman Martin Deijs Maarten F. Jebbink Johannes B. van Goudoever Britt J. van Keulen Margreet Bakker Lia van der Hoek |
| author_facet | Joanna Kaczorowska Aurelija Cicilionytė Anne L. Timmerman Martin Deijs Maarten F. Jebbink Johannes B. van Goudoever Britt J. van Keulen Margreet Bakker Lia van der Hoek |
| author_sort | Joanna Kaczorowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Anelloviruses (AVs) are found in the vast majority of the human population and are most probably part of a healthy virome. These viruses infect humans in the early stage of life, however, the characteristics of the first colonizing AVs are still unknown. We screened a collection of 107 blood samples from children between 0.4 and 64.8 months of age for the presence of three AV genera: the <i>Alpha</i>-, <i>Beta</i>- and <i>Gammatorquevirus</i>. The youngest child that was positive for AV was 1.2 months old, and a peak in prevalence (100% of samples positive) was reached between the twelfth and eighteenth months of life. Intriguingly, the beta- and gammatorqueviruses were detected most at the early stage of life (up to 12 months), whereas alphatorqueviruses, the most common AVs in adults, increased in prevalence in children older than 12 months. To determine whether that order of colonization may be related to oral transmission and unequal presence of AV genera in breast milk, we examined 63 breast milk samples. Thirty-two percent of the breast milk samples were positive in a qPCR detecting beta- and gammatorqueviruses, while alphatorqueviruses were detected in 10% of the samples, and this difference was significant (<i>p</i> = 0.00654). In conclusion, we show that beta- and gammatorqueviruses colonize humans in the first months of life and that breastfeeding could play a role in AV transmission. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:38:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-13f4b3e519d04d6395c8dfcd75fd3aca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:38:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-13f4b3e519d04d6395c8dfcd75fd3aca2023-11-23T13:29:20ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-04-0114586510.3390/v14050865Early-Life Colonization by Anelloviruses in InfantsJoanna Kaczorowska0Aurelija Cicilionytė1Anne L. Timmerman2Martin Deijs3Maarten F. Jebbink4Johannes B. van Goudoever5Britt J. van Keulen6Margreet Bakker7Lia van der Hoek8Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsAmsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsAmsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsAmsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsAmsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsAmsterdam UMC, Department of Pediatrics, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children’s Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsAmsterdam UMC, Department of Pediatrics, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children’s Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsAmsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsAmsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsAnelloviruses (AVs) are found in the vast majority of the human population and are most probably part of a healthy virome. These viruses infect humans in the early stage of life, however, the characteristics of the first colonizing AVs are still unknown. We screened a collection of 107 blood samples from children between 0.4 and 64.8 months of age for the presence of three AV genera: the <i>Alpha</i>-, <i>Beta</i>- and <i>Gammatorquevirus</i>. The youngest child that was positive for AV was 1.2 months old, and a peak in prevalence (100% of samples positive) was reached between the twelfth and eighteenth months of life. Intriguingly, the beta- and gammatorqueviruses were detected most at the early stage of life (up to 12 months), whereas alphatorqueviruses, the most common AVs in adults, increased in prevalence in children older than 12 months. To determine whether that order of colonization may be related to oral transmission and unequal presence of AV genera in breast milk, we examined 63 breast milk samples. Thirty-two percent of the breast milk samples were positive in a qPCR detecting beta- and gammatorqueviruses, while alphatorqueviruses were detected in 10% of the samples, and this difference was significant (<i>p</i> = 0.00654). In conclusion, we show that beta- and gammatorqueviruses colonize humans in the first months of life and that breastfeeding could play a role in AV transmission.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/5/865anelloviruses<i>Anelloviridae</i>breast milkearly-life infectionsmother-to-child transmissionalphatorquevirus |
| spellingShingle | Joanna Kaczorowska Aurelija Cicilionytė Anne L. Timmerman Martin Deijs Maarten F. Jebbink Johannes B. van Goudoever Britt J. van Keulen Margreet Bakker Lia van der Hoek Early-Life Colonization by Anelloviruses in Infants Viruses anelloviruses <i>Anelloviridae</i> breast milk early-life infections mother-to-child transmission alphatorquevirus |
| title | Early-Life Colonization by Anelloviruses in Infants |
| title_full | Early-Life Colonization by Anelloviruses in Infants |
| title_fullStr | Early-Life Colonization by Anelloviruses in Infants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Early-Life Colonization by Anelloviruses in Infants |
| title_short | Early-Life Colonization by Anelloviruses in Infants |
| title_sort | early life colonization by anelloviruses in infants |
| topic | anelloviruses <i>Anelloviridae</i> breast milk early-life infections mother-to-child transmission alphatorquevirus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/5/865 |
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