A proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of concentration of major/trace and toxic elements in broiler gizzard and flesh of Tehsil Gujar Khan area in Pakistan
Ten gizzard and three flesh samples of the broiler were collected from different locations in Tehsil Gujar Khan District Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The samples were dried, crushed and ground. Pellets were prepared by pressing the powder of the samples and that of the Bovine liver 1577c reference material...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2019-12-01
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| Series: | Nuclear Engineering and Technology |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1738573319303067 |
| _version_ | 1818325018665287680 |
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| author | Khawar Nadeem Javaid Hussain Noaman Ul Haq A. Ul Haq Waheed Akram Ishaq Ahmad |
| author_facet | Khawar Nadeem Javaid Hussain Noaman Ul Haq A. Ul Haq Waheed Akram Ishaq Ahmad |
| author_sort | Khawar Nadeem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ten gizzard and three flesh samples of the broiler were collected from different locations in Tehsil Gujar Khan District Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The samples were dried, crushed and ground. Pellets were prepared by pressing the powder of the samples and that of the Bovine liver 1577c reference material obtained from NIST, USA. Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) installed at National Center for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan has been used as a reliable and improved technique to determine concentration of various major/trace and toxic elements e.g. S, Cl, K, Ca, Cl, Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Zn, Ti, Cd, Ga, Cr, V and Ni, in the Gizzard and Flesh samples of the broiler. The concentrations of all the detected elements in the samples are statistically significant. The certified and measured values of the elements in the reference material were in agreement with each other within a deviation of 7%. S, Cl, K and Ca are within tolerable limits and are good for human consumption. Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn were more than the acceptable limits of World Health Organization, WHO whereas Ga, As, Sn, Sb and Pb are not detected in most of the samples. Keywords: Major/minor minerals, Trace elements, PIXE, Broiler gizzard, Broiler flesh, Permissible limits |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T11:37:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1402bb8e59f642e9ae904fab2410b09e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1738-5733 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T11:37:49Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nuclear Engineering and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-1402bb8e59f642e9ae904fab2410b09e2022-12-21T23:47:43ZengElsevierNuclear Engineering and Technology1738-57332019-12-0151820422049A proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of concentration of major/trace and toxic elements in broiler gizzard and flesh of Tehsil Gujar Khan area in PakistanKhawar Nadeem0Javaid Hussain1Noaman Ul Haq2A. Ul Haq3Waheed Akram4Ishaq Ahmad5Department of Basic Sciences, Riphah International University Islamabad, PakistanNPU-NCP Joint International Research Center on Advanced Nanomaterial's and Defects Engineering, National Center for Physics, Islamabad, PakistanComsats University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, PakistanDepartment of Basic Sciences, Riphah International University Islamabad, Pakistan; Corresponding author.NPU-NCP Joint International Research Center on Advanced Nanomaterial's and Defects Engineering, National Center for Physics, Islamabad, PakistanNPU-NCP Joint International Research Center on Advanced Nanomaterial's and Defects Engineering, National Center for Physics, Islamabad, PakistanTen gizzard and three flesh samples of the broiler were collected from different locations in Tehsil Gujar Khan District Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The samples were dried, crushed and ground. Pellets were prepared by pressing the powder of the samples and that of the Bovine liver 1577c reference material obtained from NIST, USA. Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) installed at National Center for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan has been used as a reliable and improved technique to determine concentration of various major/trace and toxic elements e.g. S, Cl, K, Ca, Cl, Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Zn, Ti, Cd, Ga, Cr, V and Ni, in the Gizzard and Flesh samples of the broiler. The concentrations of all the detected elements in the samples are statistically significant. The certified and measured values of the elements in the reference material were in agreement with each other within a deviation of 7%. S, Cl, K and Ca are within tolerable limits and are good for human consumption. Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn were more than the acceptable limits of World Health Organization, WHO whereas Ga, As, Sn, Sb and Pb are not detected in most of the samples. Keywords: Major/minor minerals, Trace elements, PIXE, Broiler gizzard, Broiler flesh, Permissible limitshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1738573319303067 |
| spellingShingle | Khawar Nadeem Javaid Hussain Noaman Ul Haq A. Ul Haq Waheed Akram Ishaq Ahmad A proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of concentration of major/trace and toxic elements in broiler gizzard and flesh of Tehsil Gujar Khan area in Pakistan Nuclear Engineering and Technology |
| title | A proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of concentration of major/trace and toxic elements in broiler gizzard and flesh of Tehsil Gujar Khan area in Pakistan |
| title_full | A proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of concentration of major/trace and toxic elements in broiler gizzard and flesh of Tehsil Gujar Khan area in Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | A proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of concentration of major/trace and toxic elements in broiler gizzard and flesh of Tehsil Gujar Khan area in Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | A proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of concentration of major/trace and toxic elements in broiler gizzard and flesh of Tehsil Gujar Khan area in Pakistan |
| title_short | A proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of concentration of major/trace and toxic elements in broiler gizzard and flesh of Tehsil Gujar Khan area in Pakistan |
| title_sort | proton induced x ray emission pixe analysis of concentration of major trace and toxic elements in broiler gizzard and flesh of tehsil gujar khan area in pakistan |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1738573319303067 |
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