Outdoor hospitality venues: a real challenge for tobacco control policies
Background After the implementation of smoke-free policies in indoor hospitality venues, smokers may have displaced to their outdoor areas. Authors aimed to describe smoking visibility and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in outdoor hospitality venues. Methods An observational study was conducted i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
European Publishing
2018-03-01
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| Series: | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.journalssystem.com/tid/Outdoor-hospitality-venues-a-real-challenge-for-tobacco-control-policies,84445,0,2.html |
| _version_ | 1819049106820038656 |
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| author | Xisca Sureda Rocio Santuy Usama Bilal Roberto Valiente Ana Navas-Acien Esteve Fernández Francisco J Escobar Manuel Franco |
| author_facet | Xisca Sureda Rocio Santuy Usama Bilal Roberto Valiente Ana Navas-Acien Esteve Fernández Francisco J Escobar Manuel Franco |
| author_sort | Xisca Sureda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background
After the implementation of smoke-free
policies in indoor hospitality venues, smokers may have displaced to their
outdoor areas. Authors aimed to describe smoking visibility and second-hand
smoke (SHS) exposure in outdoor hospitality venues.
Methods
An observational study was conducted
in Madrid city. We collected information, through direct observation, on signs
of tobacco consumption on entrances and terraces of hospitality venues. We also measured airborne nicotine in
terraces with a monitor by active sampling during 30 minutes. We calculated the
medians and the interquartile ranges (IQR) of nicotine concentrations. We
computed an analysis stratified by the possible explanatory variables and compared
the nicotine concentration using the Kruskal-Wallis test for independent
samples.
Results
We
characterized 256 entrances of hospitality venues, 174 measured between May and
September 2016 (hot season) and 82 between October and December 2016 (mild
season). 204 entrances showed signs of tobacco consumption: 97 had ashtrays;
166 had cigarettes butts; in 66, tobacco smell was perceived; and, in 67
entrances, smokers were observed. There were no differences in signs of tobacco
consumption observed between seasons (p=0.155). We measured nicotine
concentration in 92 terraces with an overall median of 0.42 μg/m 3 (IQR:
0.14-1.59 μg/m 3 ). Nicotine concentration
in terraces increased with number of cigarettes smoked from 0.03 μg/m 3
(IQR: 0.03-0.91 μg/m 3 ) when no cigarette was litten to 3.83 μg/m 3
(0.97-4.70 μg/m 3 ) when more than eight cigarettes were lighted (p =
0.001). We observed differences in nicotine concentration according to the
number of covers from 0.37 μg/m 3 (IQR: 0.15-1.59 μg/m 3 )
in terraces with no cover to 2.40 μg/m 3 (IQR: 0.64-13.36 μg/m 3 )
on closed terraces (p=0.006).
Conclusions
Outdoor
hospitality venues are areas where non-smoking population continues to be highly
exposed to SHS. These spaces should be considered in future tobacco control interventions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T11:26:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-140314952b514178a0e9e0f005c5f9bd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1617-9625 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T11:26:53Z |
| publishDate | 2018-03-01 |
| publisher | European Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-140314952b514178a0e9e0f005c5f9bd2022-12-21T19:05:38ZengEuropean PublishingTobacco Induced Diseases1617-96252018-03-0116110.18332/tid/8444584445Outdoor hospitality venues: a real challenge for tobacco control policiesXisca Sureda0Rocio Santuy1Usama Bilal2Roberto Valiente3Ana Navas-Acien4Esteve Fernández5Francisco J Escobar6Manuel Franco7University of Alcalá, Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, SpainUniversity of Alcalá, Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, SpainDrexel Dornsife School of Public Health, United States of AmericaUniversity of Alcalá, Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, SpainColumbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, United States of AmericaInstitut Català d'Oncologia, Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Programme, SpainUniversity of Alcalá, Department of Geology, Geography and Environmental Sciences, SpainUniversity of Alcalá, Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, SpainBackground After the implementation of smoke-free policies in indoor hospitality venues, smokers may have displaced to their outdoor areas. Authors aimed to describe smoking visibility and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in outdoor hospitality venues. Methods An observational study was conducted in Madrid city. We collected information, through direct observation, on signs of tobacco consumption on entrances and terraces of hospitality venues. We also measured airborne nicotine in terraces with a monitor by active sampling during 30 minutes. We calculated the medians and the interquartile ranges (IQR) of nicotine concentrations. We computed an analysis stratified by the possible explanatory variables and compared the nicotine concentration using the Kruskal-Wallis test for independent samples. Results We characterized 256 entrances of hospitality venues, 174 measured between May and September 2016 (hot season) and 82 between October and December 2016 (mild season). 204 entrances showed signs of tobacco consumption: 97 had ashtrays; 166 had cigarettes butts; in 66, tobacco smell was perceived; and, in 67 entrances, smokers were observed. There were no differences in signs of tobacco consumption observed between seasons (p=0.155). We measured nicotine concentration in 92 terraces with an overall median of 0.42 μg/m 3 (IQR: 0.14-1.59 μg/m 3 ). Nicotine concentration in terraces increased with number of cigarettes smoked from 0.03 μg/m 3 (IQR: 0.03-0.91 μg/m 3 ) when no cigarette was litten to 3.83 μg/m 3 (0.97-4.70 μg/m 3 ) when more than eight cigarettes were lighted (p = 0.001). We observed differences in nicotine concentration according to the number of covers from 0.37 μg/m 3 (IQR: 0.15-1.59 μg/m 3 ) in terraces with no cover to 2.40 μg/m 3 (IQR: 0.64-13.36 μg/m 3 ) on closed terraces (p=0.006). Conclusions Outdoor hospitality venues are areas where non-smoking population continues to be highly exposed to SHS. These spaces should be considered in future tobacco control interventions.http://www.journalssystem.com/tid/Outdoor-hospitality-venues-a-real-challenge-for-tobacco-control-policies,84445,0,2.htmlWCTOH |
| spellingShingle | Xisca Sureda Rocio Santuy Usama Bilal Roberto Valiente Ana Navas-Acien Esteve Fernández Francisco J Escobar Manuel Franco Outdoor hospitality venues: a real challenge for tobacco control policies Tobacco Induced Diseases WCTOH |
| title | Outdoor hospitality venues: a real challenge for tobacco control policies |
| title_full | Outdoor hospitality venues: a real challenge for tobacco control policies |
| title_fullStr | Outdoor hospitality venues: a real challenge for tobacco control policies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Outdoor hospitality venues: a real challenge for tobacco control policies |
| title_short | Outdoor hospitality venues: a real challenge for tobacco control policies |
| title_sort | outdoor hospitality venues a real challenge for tobacco control policies |
| topic | WCTOH |
| url | http://www.journalssystem.com/tid/Outdoor-hospitality-venues-a-real-challenge-for-tobacco-control-policies,84445,0,2.html |
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