Enzymatic and Molecular Identification of <i>Meloidogyne</i> Species in Tomato Orchards in Paraguay
Tomato is a major crop in Paraguay, where it provides a source of employment and income for households. Tomato production can be affected by root-knot nematodes, especially <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. The unequivocal identification of <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. in Paraguay has not b...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/670 |
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| author | Gloria Resquín-Romero Vanessa S. Mattos Jessica M. S. Monteiro Horacio D. Lopez-Nicora Shyrley P. Amarilla Sergio Chamorro-Diaz Juan Moral Regina M. D. G. Carneiro |
| author_facet | Gloria Resquín-Romero Vanessa S. Mattos Jessica M. S. Monteiro Horacio D. Lopez-Nicora Shyrley P. Amarilla Sergio Chamorro-Diaz Juan Moral Regina M. D. G. Carneiro |
| author_sort | Gloria Resquín-Romero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tomato is a major crop in Paraguay, where it provides a source of employment and income for households. Tomato production can be affected by root-knot nematodes, especially <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. The unequivocal identification of <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. in Paraguay has not been conducted yet. This study aims to identify <i>Meloidogyne</i> species in eight tomato production districts of this country by biochemical and molecular techniques. Females of <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. were extracted from tomato roots and characterized using esterase isozyme phenotypes. In addition, DNA was extracted from nematode eggs, and species-specific SCARs (sequence-characterized amplified regions) were used to confirm the diagnosis. Nematodes were detected in 100% of studied samples (prevalence), of which <i>M. incognita</i> (Est: I2, Rm: 1.1;1.2) and <i>M. javanica</i> (Est: J3, Rm: 1.0, 1.20, 1.35) were present in 39.13% and 26.08% of samples, respectively. One population (8.69%) of <i>Meloidogyne</i> sp. presenting an atypical esterase profile (Rm: 1.0 and 1.3) was only detected in Julián Augusto Saldívar District. Mixed populations, mostly <i>M. incognita</i> and <i>M. javanica</i>, were observed in 26.08% of samples. The SCAR primers incK14F/incK14R amplified specific fragments for <i>M. incognita</i> (399 bp) and <i>M. javanica</i> (670 bp), confirming the enzymatic results. Here, we present the first study of root-knot nematode identification at the species level in Paraguay. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:03:09Z |
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| id | doaj.art-14086dc222794ad3af2e4f33f8d9b33c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:03:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-14086dc222794ad3af2e4f33f8d9b33c2023-11-17T09:04:28ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-02-0113367010.3390/agronomy13030670Enzymatic and Molecular Identification of <i>Meloidogyne</i> Species in Tomato Orchards in ParaguayGloria Resquín-Romero0Vanessa S. Mattos1Jessica M. S. Monteiro2Horacio D. Lopez-Nicora3Shyrley P. Amarilla4Sergio Chamorro-Diaz5Juan Moral6Regina M. D. G. Carneiro7Area of Protection Vegetal, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo 1055, ParaguayNematology Laboratory, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília 70849-979, DF, BrazilNematology Laboratory, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília 70849-979, DF, BrazilDepartment of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USADepartment of Pathological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo 1055, ParaguayArea of Protection Vegetal, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo 1055, ParaguayUnit of Excellence Maria de Maeztu, Department of Agronomy, University of Córdoba, 14003 Córdoba, SpainNematology Laboratory, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília 70849-979, DF, BrazilTomato is a major crop in Paraguay, where it provides a source of employment and income for households. Tomato production can be affected by root-knot nematodes, especially <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. The unequivocal identification of <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. in Paraguay has not been conducted yet. This study aims to identify <i>Meloidogyne</i> species in eight tomato production districts of this country by biochemical and molecular techniques. Females of <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. were extracted from tomato roots and characterized using esterase isozyme phenotypes. In addition, DNA was extracted from nematode eggs, and species-specific SCARs (sequence-characterized amplified regions) were used to confirm the diagnosis. Nematodes were detected in 100% of studied samples (prevalence), of which <i>M. incognita</i> (Est: I2, Rm: 1.1;1.2) and <i>M. javanica</i> (Est: J3, Rm: 1.0, 1.20, 1.35) were present in 39.13% and 26.08% of samples, respectively. One population (8.69%) of <i>Meloidogyne</i> sp. presenting an atypical esterase profile (Rm: 1.0 and 1.3) was only detected in Julián Augusto Saldívar District. Mixed populations, mostly <i>M. incognita</i> and <i>M. javanica</i>, were observed in 26.08% of samples. The SCAR primers incK14F/incK14R amplified specific fragments for <i>M. incognita</i> (399 bp) and <i>M. javanica</i> (670 bp), confirming the enzymatic results. Here, we present the first study of root-knot nematode identification at the species level in Paraguay.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/670esterase phenotype<i>Meloidogyne incognita</i><i>Meloidogyne javanica</i>root-knot nematodeSCAR markers |
| spellingShingle | Gloria Resquín-Romero Vanessa S. Mattos Jessica M. S. Monteiro Horacio D. Lopez-Nicora Shyrley P. Amarilla Sergio Chamorro-Diaz Juan Moral Regina M. D. G. Carneiro Enzymatic and Molecular Identification of <i>Meloidogyne</i> Species in Tomato Orchards in Paraguay Agronomy esterase phenotype <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> root-knot nematode SCAR markers |
| title | Enzymatic and Molecular Identification of <i>Meloidogyne</i> Species in Tomato Orchards in Paraguay |
| title_full | Enzymatic and Molecular Identification of <i>Meloidogyne</i> Species in Tomato Orchards in Paraguay |
| title_fullStr | Enzymatic and Molecular Identification of <i>Meloidogyne</i> Species in Tomato Orchards in Paraguay |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enzymatic and Molecular Identification of <i>Meloidogyne</i> Species in Tomato Orchards in Paraguay |
| title_short | Enzymatic and Molecular Identification of <i>Meloidogyne</i> Species in Tomato Orchards in Paraguay |
| title_sort | enzymatic and molecular identification of i meloidogyne i species in tomato orchards in paraguay |
| topic | esterase phenotype <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> root-knot nematode SCAR markers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/670 |
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