Combining Experimental Data with Statistical Methods to Evaluate Hydrolyzed Reactive Dye Removal by α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in a Cellulose-Based Membrane
Water contaminated with toxic dyes poses serious problems for human health and environmental ecosystems. Unfixed reactive dyes and their hydrolyzed form are soluble in water, thus, their removal is particularly challenging. Among the different methodologies, adsorption is probably the most common si...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| author | Mónica A. Silva Efres Belmonte-Reche Maria T. P. de Amorim |
| author_facet | Mónica A. Silva Efres Belmonte-Reche Maria T. P. de Amorim |
| author_sort | Mónica A. Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Water contaminated with toxic dyes poses serious problems for human health and environmental ecosystems. Unfixed reactive dyes and their hydrolyzed form are soluble in water, thus, their removal is particularly challenging. Among the different methodologies, adsorption is probably the most common since it is easy to handle and has a low cost. Here, the removal by adsorption of hydrolyzed Reactive Black 5 (hydRB5) from a model wastewater through cellulose acetate/hematite membranes (CA/α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), designated as M1, M2 and M3, was performed. The pristine cellulose acetate membrane (CA) was designated as M0. Toward understanding the adsorption mechanism of hydRB5 on membranes, the rate of adsorption and maximum value of the adsorption capacity were evaluated using kinetic and isothermal studies, respectively. The results showed that the adsorption mechanism follows pseudo-first-order kinetics, and data are best fitted by the Langmuir isotherm method with a maximum adsorption capacity of 105.26 mg g<sup>−1</sup> in pH~7. Furthermore, these membranes can be also regenerated by washing with NaOH and NaCl solutions, and the regeneration efficiency remains effective over five cycles. To complete the work, two statistical models were applied, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimum value found is located in the usable region, and the experimental validation shows good agreement between the predicted optimum values and the experimental data. These composite membranes are also good candidates for the adsorption of other pollutants, even at industrial scale, due to their effective regeneration process and low production costs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:34:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-14087070084f45f7946834143e750389 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6439 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:34:21Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj.art-14087070084f45f7946834143e7503892023-11-22T18:12:18ZengMDPI AGFibers2079-64392021-10-019106110.3390/fib9100061Combining Experimental Data with Statistical Methods to Evaluate Hydrolyzed Reactive Dye Removal by α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in a Cellulose-Based MembraneMónica A. Silva0Efres Belmonte-Reche1Maria T. P. de Amorim2Centre for Science and Textile Technology, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, PortugalLife Sciences Department, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, PortugalCentre for Science and Textile Technology, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, PortugalWater contaminated with toxic dyes poses serious problems for human health and environmental ecosystems. Unfixed reactive dyes and their hydrolyzed form are soluble in water, thus, their removal is particularly challenging. Among the different methodologies, adsorption is probably the most common since it is easy to handle and has a low cost. Here, the removal by adsorption of hydrolyzed Reactive Black 5 (hydRB5) from a model wastewater through cellulose acetate/hematite membranes (CA/α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), designated as M1, M2 and M3, was performed. The pristine cellulose acetate membrane (CA) was designated as M0. Toward understanding the adsorption mechanism of hydRB5 on membranes, the rate of adsorption and maximum value of the adsorption capacity were evaluated using kinetic and isothermal studies, respectively. The results showed that the adsorption mechanism follows pseudo-first-order kinetics, and data are best fitted by the Langmuir isotherm method with a maximum adsorption capacity of 105.26 mg g<sup>−1</sup> in pH~7. Furthermore, these membranes can be also regenerated by washing with NaOH and NaCl solutions, and the regeneration efficiency remains effective over five cycles. To complete the work, two statistical models were applied, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimum value found is located in the usable region, and the experimental validation shows good agreement between the predicted optimum values and the experimental data. These composite membranes are also good candidates for the adsorption of other pollutants, even at industrial scale, due to their effective regeneration process and low production costs.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/9/10/61nanocomposite membranescellulose acetatenanoparticlesreactive dyeshydrolysisadsorption capacity |
| spellingShingle | Mónica A. Silva Efres Belmonte-Reche Maria T. P. de Amorim Combining Experimental Data with Statistical Methods to Evaluate Hydrolyzed Reactive Dye Removal by α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in a Cellulose-Based Membrane Fibers nanocomposite membranes cellulose acetate nanoparticles reactive dyes hydrolysis adsorption capacity |
| title | Combining Experimental Data with Statistical Methods to Evaluate Hydrolyzed Reactive Dye Removal by α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in a Cellulose-Based Membrane |
| title_full | Combining Experimental Data with Statistical Methods to Evaluate Hydrolyzed Reactive Dye Removal by α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in a Cellulose-Based Membrane |
| title_fullStr | Combining Experimental Data with Statistical Methods to Evaluate Hydrolyzed Reactive Dye Removal by α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in a Cellulose-Based Membrane |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combining Experimental Data with Statistical Methods to Evaluate Hydrolyzed Reactive Dye Removal by α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in a Cellulose-Based Membrane |
| title_short | Combining Experimental Data with Statistical Methods to Evaluate Hydrolyzed Reactive Dye Removal by α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in a Cellulose-Based Membrane |
| title_sort | combining experimental data with statistical methods to evaluate hydrolyzed reactive dye removal by α fe sub 2 sub o sub 3 sub in a cellulose based membrane |
| topic | nanocomposite membranes cellulose acetate nanoparticles reactive dyes hydrolysis adsorption capacity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/9/10/61 |
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