In Vivo Zymosan Treatment Induces IL15-Secreting Macrophages and KLRG1-Expressing NK Cells in Mice
Beta-glucan (β-glucan) is a natural polysaccharide produced by fungi, bacteria, and plants. Although it has been reported that β-glucan enhances innate immune memory responses, it is unclear whether different types of β-glucans display similar immune effects. To address this issue, we employed zymos...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/15/5779 |
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| author | Hyun Jung Park Sung Won Lee Yun Hoo Park Tae-Cheol Kim Sujin Lee Seyeong Lee Luc Van Kaer Seokmann Hong |
| author_facet | Hyun Jung Park Sung Won Lee Yun Hoo Park Tae-Cheol Kim Sujin Lee Seyeong Lee Luc Van Kaer Seokmann Hong |
| author_sort | Hyun Jung Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Beta-glucan (β-glucan) is a natural polysaccharide produced by fungi, bacteria, and plants. Although it has been reported that β-glucan enhances innate immune memory responses, it is unclear whether different types of β-glucans display similar immune effects. To address this issue, we employed zymosan (β-1,3-glycosidic linkage) and pustulan (β-1,6-glycosidic linkage) to investigate their in vivo effects on innate memory immune responses. We examined the changes of innate memory-related markers in macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells, two immune cell types that display innate memory characteristics, at two different time points (16 h and 7 days) after β-glucan stimulation. We found that short-term (16 h) zymosan treatment significantly induced macrophages to upregulate IL15 production and increased surface IL15Rα expression on NK cells. In addition, long-term (7 days) zymosan treatment significantly induced macrophages to upregulate the expression of innate memory-related markers (e.g., TNFα, HIF1α, and mTOR) and induced NK cells to express enhanced levels of KLRG1, known as an innate memory-like marker. Our results provide support that zymosan can be an effective adjuvant to promote innate memory immune responses, providing a bridge between innate and adaptive immune cells to enhance various immune responses such as those directed against tumors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:20:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-141e6de8fa024154a491202c58ca8930 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:20:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-141e6de8fa024154a491202c58ca89302023-11-18T23:18:46ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-07-012815577910.3390/molecules28155779In Vivo Zymosan Treatment Induces IL15-Secreting Macrophages and KLRG1-Expressing NK Cells in MiceHyun Jung Park0Sung Won Lee1Yun Hoo Park2Tae-Cheol Kim3Sujin Lee4Seyeong Lee5Luc Van Kaer6Seokmann Hong7Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Biomedical Services, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USADepartment of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of KoreaBeta-glucan (β-glucan) is a natural polysaccharide produced by fungi, bacteria, and plants. Although it has been reported that β-glucan enhances innate immune memory responses, it is unclear whether different types of β-glucans display similar immune effects. To address this issue, we employed zymosan (β-1,3-glycosidic linkage) and pustulan (β-1,6-glycosidic linkage) to investigate their in vivo effects on innate memory immune responses. We examined the changes of innate memory-related markers in macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells, two immune cell types that display innate memory characteristics, at two different time points (16 h and 7 days) after β-glucan stimulation. We found that short-term (16 h) zymosan treatment significantly induced macrophages to upregulate IL15 production and increased surface IL15Rα expression on NK cells. In addition, long-term (7 days) zymosan treatment significantly induced macrophages to upregulate the expression of innate memory-related markers (e.g., TNFα, HIF1α, and mTOR) and induced NK cells to express enhanced levels of KLRG1, known as an innate memory-like marker. Our results provide support that zymosan can be an effective adjuvant to promote innate memory immune responses, providing a bridge between innate and adaptive immune cells to enhance various immune responses such as those directed against tumors.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/15/5779beta-glucanzymosanpustulannatural killer cellsmacrophages |
| spellingShingle | Hyun Jung Park Sung Won Lee Yun Hoo Park Tae-Cheol Kim Sujin Lee Seyeong Lee Luc Van Kaer Seokmann Hong In Vivo Zymosan Treatment Induces IL15-Secreting Macrophages and KLRG1-Expressing NK Cells in Mice Molecules beta-glucan zymosan pustulan natural killer cells macrophages |
| title | In Vivo Zymosan Treatment Induces IL15-Secreting Macrophages and KLRG1-Expressing NK Cells in Mice |
| title_full | In Vivo Zymosan Treatment Induces IL15-Secreting Macrophages and KLRG1-Expressing NK Cells in Mice |
| title_fullStr | In Vivo Zymosan Treatment Induces IL15-Secreting Macrophages and KLRG1-Expressing NK Cells in Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vivo Zymosan Treatment Induces IL15-Secreting Macrophages and KLRG1-Expressing NK Cells in Mice |
| title_short | In Vivo Zymosan Treatment Induces IL15-Secreting Macrophages and KLRG1-Expressing NK Cells in Mice |
| title_sort | in vivo zymosan treatment induces il15 secreting macrophages and klrg1 expressing nk cells in mice |
| topic | beta-glucan zymosan pustulan natural killer cells macrophages |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/15/5779 |
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