| Summary: | An optical free-form surface milling machine is designed according to the process characteristics and cutting force of optical components manufacturing. The <i>Z</i>-axis column of the milling machine is designed by a mechanical shunt. In this paper, based on the principle of multibody dynamics (MBD), a virtual prototype (VP) of the optical free-form surface milling machine was established by the ADAMS software. The <i>Z</i>-axis characteristics of the milling machine were simulated and studied, and a modal analysis was carried out to obtain the natural frequencies and vibration modes of the milling machine. The simulation results show that the <i>Z</i>-axis of the milling machine has excellent dynamic characteristics when the gravity balance device is not working. The average torque of the <i>Z</i>-axis motor is 0.5 N·m when the gravity balance device is working, the average torque of the <i>Z</i>-axis motor is 0.1 N·m, and the average torque is reduced by 80%; therefore, the gravity balance device can obviously lower the load of the <i>Z</i>-axis motor, and improve the efficiency of the milling machine.
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