Anion Effect on Forward Osmosis Performance of Tetrabutylphosphonium-Based Draw Solute Having a Lower Critical Solution Temperature
The applicability of ionic liquids (ILs) as the draw solute in a forward osmosis (FO) system was investigated through a study on the effect of the structural change of the anion on the FO performance. This study evaluated ILs composed of tetrabutylphosphonium cation ([P<sub>4444</sub>]&l...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/2/211 |
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| author | Jihyeon Moon Hyo Kang |
| author_facet | Jihyeon Moon Hyo Kang |
| author_sort | Jihyeon Moon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The applicability of ionic liquids (ILs) as the draw solute in a forward osmosis (FO) system was investigated through a study on the effect of the structural change of the anion on the FO performance. This study evaluated ILs composed of tetrabutylphosphonium cation ([P<sub>4444</sub>]<sup>+</sup>) and benzenesulfonate anion ([BS]<sup>−</sup>), para-position alkyl-substituted benzenesulfonate anions (<i>p</i>-methylbenzenesulfonate ([MBS]<sup>−</sup>) and <i>p</i>-ethylbenzenesulfonate ([EBS<sup>−</sup>]), and methanesulfonate anion ([MS]<sup>−</sup>). The analysis of the thermo-responsive properties suggested that the [P<sub>4444</sub>][MBS] and [P<sub>4444</sub>][EBS] ILs have lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs), which play a beneficial role in terms of the reusability of the draw solute from the diluted draw solutions after the water permeation process. At 20 wt% of an aqueous solution, the LCSTs of [P<sub>4444</sub>][MBS] and [P<sub>4444</sub>][EBS] were approximately 36 °C and 25 °C, respectively. The water flux and reverse solute flux of the [P<sub>4444</sub>][MBS] aqueous solution with higher osmolality than [P<sub>4444</sub>][EBS] were 7.36 LMH and 5.89 gMH in the active-layer facing the draw solution (AL-DS) mode at osmotic pressure of 25 atm (20 wt% solution), respectively. These results indicate that the [P<sub>4444</sub>]<sup>+</sup>-based ionic structured materials with LCST are practically advantageous for application as draw solutes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:25:54Z |
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| id | doaj.art-141fb2f86be945499dcd41acb5bd530b |
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| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:25:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-141fb2f86be945499dcd41acb5bd530b2023-11-16T22:02:50ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752023-02-0113221110.3390/membranes13020211Anion Effect on Forward Osmosis Performance of Tetrabutylphosphonium-Based Draw Solute Having a Lower Critical Solution TemperatureJihyeon Moon0Hyo Kang1BK-21 Four Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-Daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of KoreaBK-21 Four Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-Daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of KoreaThe applicability of ionic liquids (ILs) as the draw solute in a forward osmosis (FO) system was investigated through a study on the effect of the structural change of the anion on the FO performance. This study evaluated ILs composed of tetrabutylphosphonium cation ([P<sub>4444</sub>]<sup>+</sup>) and benzenesulfonate anion ([BS]<sup>−</sup>), para-position alkyl-substituted benzenesulfonate anions (<i>p</i>-methylbenzenesulfonate ([MBS]<sup>−</sup>) and <i>p</i>-ethylbenzenesulfonate ([EBS<sup>−</sup>]), and methanesulfonate anion ([MS]<sup>−</sup>). The analysis of the thermo-responsive properties suggested that the [P<sub>4444</sub>][MBS] and [P<sub>4444</sub>][EBS] ILs have lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs), which play a beneficial role in terms of the reusability of the draw solute from the diluted draw solutions after the water permeation process. At 20 wt% of an aqueous solution, the LCSTs of [P<sub>4444</sub>][MBS] and [P<sub>4444</sub>][EBS] were approximately 36 °C and 25 °C, respectively. The water flux and reverse solute flux of the [P<sub>4444</sub>][MBS] aqueous solution with higher osmolality than [P<sub>4444</sub>][EBS] were 7.36 LMH and 5.89 gMH in the active-layer facing the draw solution (AL-DS) mode at osmotic pressure of 25 atm (20 wt% solution), respectively. These results indicate that the [P<sub>4444</sub>]<sup>+</sup>-based ionic structured materials with LCST are practically advantageous for application as draw solutes.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/2/211ionic liquidforward osmosisdraw solutionwater treatmentlower critical solution temperature |
| spellingShingle | Jihyeon Moon Hyo Kang Anion Effect on Forward Osmosis Performance of Tetrabutylphosphonium-Based Draw Solute Having a Lower Critical Solution Temperature Membranes ionic liquid forward osmosis draw solution water treatment lower critical solution temperature |
| title | Anion Effect on Forward Osmosis Performance of Tetrabutylphosphonium-Based Draw Solute Having a Lower Critical Solution Temperature |
| title_full | Anion Effect on Forward Osmosis Performance of Tetrabutylphosphonium-Based Draw Solute Having a Lower Critical Solution Temperature |
| title_fullStr | Anion Effect on Forward Osmosis Performance of Tetrabutylphosphonium-Based Draw Solute Having a Lower Critical Solution Temperature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anion Effect on Forward Osmosis Performance of Tetrabutylphosphonium-Based Draw Solute Having a Lower Critical Solution Temperature |
| title_short | Anion Effect on Forward Osmosis Performance of Tetrabutylphosphonium-Based Draw Solute Having a Lower Critical Solution Temperature |
| title_sort | anion effect on forward osmosis performance of tetrabutylphosphonium based draw solute having a lower critical solution temperature |
| topic | ionic liquid forward osmosis draw solution water treatment lower critical solution temperature |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/2/211 |
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